Isingeniso

Ama-headspace vials ayizitsha zesampula ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlaziyweni kwe-gas chromatography (GC), ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziselwa ukufaka amasampula egesi noma oketshezi ukuze kufezwe ukuthuthwa nokuhlaziywa kwesampula okuzinzile ngohlelo oluvaliwe. Izakhiwo zazo ezinhle zokuvala kanye nokungangeni kwamakhemikhali kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kanye nokuphindaphindwa kwemiphumela yokuhlaziya.

Ezivivinyweni zansuku zonke, ama-headspace vials avame ukusetshenziswa njengezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezilahlwayo. Nakuba lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni ukungcoliswa okuxubile, kwandisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza kwelebhu, ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni okunamasampula amaningi kanye nemvamisa ephezulu yokuhlola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa okulahlwayo kuholela enanini elikhulu lemfucuza yengilazi, okubeka ingcindezi ekusimeni kwelebhu.

Izinto kanye Nezakhiwo Zezitsha Ze-Headspace

Ama-headspace vials ngokuvamile enziwe ngengilazi ye-borosilicate enamandla aphezulu, engamelani nokushisa okuphezulu, engangeni makhemikhali futhi ezinzile ngokwanele ukumelana nezinyibilikisi eziningi eziphilayo, izimo zokudla ezishisa kakhulu kanye nezindawo zokusebenza ezinomfutho ophezulu.Ngokwemfundiso, ingilazi ye-borosilicate inamandla amahle okuhlanza nokusebenzisa kabusha, kodwa isikhathi sayo sokuphila sinqunyelwe yizici ezifana nokuguguleka kwesakhiwo kanye nezinsalela zokungcola.

Uhlelo lokuvala luyisici esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwama-headspace vials futhi ngokuvamile luqukethe i-aluminium cap noma i-spacer. I-aluminium cap yakha ukuvalwa okungenagesi emlonyeni webhodlela nge-gland noma i-threading, kuyilapho i-spacer inikeza ukufinyelela kokungena kwenaliti futhi ivimbela ukuvuza kwegesi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenkathi umzimba we-glass vial ugcina isakhiwo sawo esiyisisekelo ngemva kokugezwa kaningi, i-spacer ngokuvamile iyisakhi esilahlwayo futhi ithambekele ekulahlekelweni kokuvala kanye nokulahleka kwezinto ngemva kokubhoboza, okuthinta ukuthembeka kokusetshenziswa kabusha. Ngakho-ke, lapho uzama ukusebenzisa kabusha, i-spacer ngokuvamile idinga ukushintshwa, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwama-glass vials kanye nama-aluminium caps kudingeka kuhlolwe ubuqotho bawo obungokomzimba kanye nekhono lokugcina umoya ungangeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezahlukene namamodeli ama-vials ngokobukhulu, ukukhiqizwa ngokubambisana. Kungase kube nokwehluka okuncane ekwakhiweni komlomo we-vial, njll., okungathinta ukuhambisana nama-vials e-autosampler, ukulingana kwesivalo, kanye nesimo esisele ngemva kokuhlanza. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuthuthukiswa uhlelo lokuhlanza nokusebenzisa kabusha, ukuqinisekiswa okujwayelekile kufanele kwenziwe ngezincazelo ezithile zama-vials ezisetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kanye nokuthembeka kwedatha.

Ukuhlaziywa Kokungenzeka Kokuhlanza

1. Izindlela zokuhlanza

Ama-headspace vials ahlanzwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuhlanza ngesandla kanye nokuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo. Ukuhlanza ngesandla kuvame ukufaneleka ekucutshungulweni kweqoqo elincane, ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo, ngokuvamile ngebhulashi lebhodlela le-reagent, ukuhlanza ngamanzi agelezayo kanye nokucubungula ama-reagent amakhemikhali ngezinyathelo eziningi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi inqubo yokuhlanza incike ekusebenzeni ngesandla, kunengozi yokuthi imiphumela yokuphindaphinda kanye nokuhlanza ingase ingazinzile.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, imishini yokuhlanza ezenzakalelayo ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanza kanye nokuvumelana. Ukuhlanza nge-Ultrasonic kukhiqiza amabhamuza amancane ngokunyakaza okuvama kakhulu, okungasusa ngempumelelo izinsalela ezinamathelayo esivikelweni, futhi kufaneleka kakhulu ukuphatha izinsalela ezinamathelayo kakhulu noma ezilandelanayo eziphilayo.

Ukukhetha i-ejenti yokuhlanza kunomthelela omkhulu emphumeleni wokuhlanza. Izinto zokuhlanza ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zifaka i-ethanol, i-acetone, uketshezi lokuwasha amabhodlela anamanzi, kanye nezinsipho ezikhethekile. Inqubo yokuhlanza enezinyathelo eziningi ivame ukunconywa: ukuhlanza okuncibilikisiwe (ukususa izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo)→ukuhlanza okumanzi (ukususa ukungcola okuncibilikisiwe emanzini)→ukuhlanza ngamanzi ahlanzekile.

Ngemva kokuhlanza sekuqediwe, kufanele komiswe kahle ukuze kugwenywe umswakama osele othinta isampula. Imishini yokomisa evame ukusetshenziswa yehhavini yokomisa elebhu (60 ℃ -120 ℃), kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla, ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanzeka kanye namandla e-autoclaving.

2. Ukutholwa kwezinsalela ngemva kokuhlanza

Ukuhlanzwa ngokuphelele kudinga ukuqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa kwezinsalela. Imithombo evamile yezinsalela ihlanganisa izinsalela ezivela kumasampula angaphambilini, izinto zokuhlanza, izithasiselo kanye nezingxenye zensipho ezisele ezivela enkambisweni yokuhlanza. Ukwehluleka ukususa lezi zinsalela ngokuphelele kuzoba nomthelela omubi ekuhlaziyweni okulandelayo okufana "neziqongo zezipoki" kanye nomsindo wangemuva owandisiwe.

Ngokuphathelene nezindlela zokuthola, indlela eqondile kakhulu ukuqhuba ukugijima okungenalutho, okungukuthi, i-vial ehlanziwe ifakwa njengesampula engenalutho, futhi ukuba khona kweziqongo ezingaziwa kubonakala nge-gas chromatography (GC) noma i-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Enye indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu ukuhlaziywa kwe-total organic carbon, okusetshenziselwa ukubala inani lezinto eziphilayo ezisele ebusweni be-vial noma esixazululweni sokuwasha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, "ukuqhathanisa isizinda" kungenziwa kusetshenziswa indlela ethile yokuhlaziya ehlobene nesampula: ibhodlela elihlanziwe liqhutshwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo nebhodlela elisha sha, futhi izinga lezinkomba zangemuva liqhathaniswa nokuba khona kweziqongo ezingamanga ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi ukuhlanza kungokwezinga elamukelekayo yini.

Izici Ezithinta Ukusetshenziswa Kabusha

1. Umthelela emiphumeleni yokuhlaziya

Ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwama-vial e-Headspace kuqala kudinga ukuhlolwa ukuthi anomthelela yini emiphumeleni yokuhlaziya, ikakhulukazi ekuhlaziyeni kwenani. Njengoba inani lokusetshenziswa landa, ama-trace compounds angase ahlale odongeni lwangaphakathi lwe-vial, futhi ngisho nangemva kokuhlanza, ukungcola kwe-trace kungase kukhishwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okuphazamisa ukulinganiswa kweziqongo eziqondiwe. Izwela kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni kwe-trace futhi isengozini enkulu yokubandlululwa.

Umsindo wangemuva okhuphukayo nawo uyinkinga evamile. Ukungahlanzwa okuphelele noma ukuwohloka kwezinto kungaholela ekungazinzini kwesisekelo sesistimu, okuphazamisa ukuhlonza kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuphezulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphindaphindwa kokuhlolwa kanye nokuqina kwesikhathi eside kuyizinkomba ezibalulekile zokuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusetshenziswa kabusha. Uma ama-vial engahambisani nokuhlanzeka, ukusebenza kokuvala, noma ubuqotho bezinto ezibonakalayo, lokhu kuzoholela ekuhlukeni kokusebenza kahle komjovo kanye nokushintshashintsha endaweni ephakeme, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukuphindaphindwa kokuhlolwa. Kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekiswa kwe-batch kuma-vial asetshenziswe kabusha ezisetshenziswayo ezingokoqobo ukuqinisekisa ukuqhathanisa kanye nokuvumelana kwedatha ehlaziyiwe.

2. Ukuguga kweVial kanye ne-spacers

Ukuguguleka ngokomzimba kanye nokuwohloka kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-vial kanye nesistimu yokuvala akunakugwenywa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe. Ngemva kwemijikelezo eminingi yokujikeleza kokushisa, ukushayisana kwemishini kanye nokuhlanza, amabhodlela engilazi angase abe nemifantu emincane noma imihuzuko, okungegcini nje ngokuba “izindawo ezifile” zezinto ezingcolisayo, kodwa futhi kube yingozi yokuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

Ama-spacer, njengezingxenye zokubhoboza, ancipha ngokushesha. Inani elandayo lama-punctures lingabangela ukuthi i-spacer cavity ikhule noma ivaleke kabi, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokuguquguquka kwesampula, ukulahlekelwa umoya, ngisho nokungazinzi kokudla. Ukuguga kwe-spacer kungase futhi kukhiphe izinhlayiya noma izinto eziphilayo ezingangcolisa isampula.

Izimpawu zomzimba zokuguga zifaka phakathi ukushintsha kombala webhodlela, ama-deposit ebusweni, kanye nokuguqulwa kwesivalo se-aluminium, konke okungathinta ukusebenza kahle kokudluliselwa kwesampula kanye nokuhambisana kwethuluzi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuhlola kanye nokuthembeka kwedatha, kunconywa ukwenza ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo okudingekayo kanye nokuhlolwa kokuvala ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kabusha, kanye nokususa izingxenye ezigugile kakhulu ngesikhathi esifanele.

Izincomo kanye Nezinyathelo Zokuqapha Zokusebenzisa Kabusha

Ama-headspace vials angasetshenziswa kabusha ngezinga elithile ngemva kokuhlanzwa nokuqinisekiswa okwanele, kodwa lokhu kufanele kwahlulelwe ngokucophelela ngokubheka isimo esithile sokusetshenziswa, uhlobo lwesampula kanye nezimo zemishini.

1. Inani elinconyiwe lokusetshenziswa kabusha

Ngokwesipiliyoni esisebenzayo sezinye ilabhorethri kanye nezincwadi, ngezimo zokusetshenziswa lapho kuphathwa khona ama-VOC avamile noma amasampula okungcola okuphansi, ama-glass vials ngokuvamile angaphinde asetshenziswe izikhathi ezingu-3-5, uma nje ehlanzwa kahle, omisiwe futhi ehlolwa ngemva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye. Ngemva kwalesi sibalo sezikhathi, ubunzima bokuhlanza, ingozi yokuguga kanye namathuba okuvalwa kabi kwama-vials ayanda kakhulu, futhi kunconywa ukuthi asuswe ngesikhathi. Kunconywa ukuthi ama-cushion ashintshwe ngemva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye futhi akukhuthazwa ukuthi asetshenziswe kabusha.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ikhwalithi yama-vial iyahlukahluka phakathi kwemikhiqizo namamodeli futhi kufanele iqinisekiswe ngokusekelwe kumkhiqizo othize. Kumaphrojekthi abalulekile noma ukuhlaziywa okunembile, ama-vial amasha kufanele akhethwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwedatha.

2. Izimo lapho ukusetshenziswa kabusha kungakhuthazwa khona

Akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa kabusha ama-headspace vials ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Kunzima ukususa izinsalela zamasampula ngokuphelele, isibonelo, amasampula aqinile kakhulu, anamathela kalula noma aqukethe usawoti;
• Isampula inobuthi obukhulu noma iyashintshashintsha, isib. i-benzene, ama-hydrocarbon ane-chlorine, njll. Izinsalela ezicacile zingaba yingozi kumqhubi;
• Ukuvalwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma izimo ezicindezelekile ngemva kokusebenzisa i-vial, izinguquko zokucindezeleka kwesakhiwo zingathinta ukuvalwa okulandelayo;
• Ama-vials asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezilawulwa kakhulu njengokuhlolwa kwezifo, ukudla, kanye nemithi, futhi kufanele ahambisane nemithethonqubo efanele kanye nezimfuneko zokugunyazwa kwelabhorethri;
• Amabhodlela anemifantu ebonakalayo, ukuguquka, ukushintsha kombala, noma amalebula okunzima ukuwasusa angaba yingozi yokuphepha.

3. Ukusungulwa kwezinqubo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile

Ukuze kufezwe ukusetshenziswa kabusha okuphumelelayo nokuphephile, kufanele kuthuthukiswe izinqubo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile ezifanayo, okuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini ngamaphuzu alandelayo:

• Ukuphathwa kokulebula kanye nokufakwa kwezinombolo ngezigaba: Khomba amabhodlela asetshenzisiwe bese uqopha inani lezikhathi nezinhlobo zamasampula asetshenzisiwe;
• Ukusungulwa kwerekhodi lokuhlanza: lungisa umjikelezo ngamunye wenqubo yokuhlanza, qopha uhlobo lwe-ejenti yokuhlanza, isikhathi sokuhlanza, kanye nemingcele yemishini;
• Ukubeka amazinga okuphela kokuphila kanye nemijikelezo yokuhlola: Kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kokubukeka kanye nokuhlolwa kokuvala ngemva komjikelezo ngamunye wokusetshenziswa;
• Ukusetha indlela yokuhlukanisa izindawo zokuhlanza nezokugcina impahla: ukugwema ukungcoliswa okuhlukahlukene nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhodlela ahlanzekile ahlala ehlanzekile ngaphambi kokusebenzisa;
• Ukwenza izivivinyo zokuqinisekisa ngezikhathi ezithile: isib. ukugijima okungenalutho ukuqinisekisa ukungabikho kokuphazamiseka kwangemuva nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe akuthinti imiphumela yokuhlaziya.

Ngokuphathwa kwesayensi kanye nezinqubo ezijwayelekile, ilabhorethri inganciphisa ngokufanele izindleko zezinto ezisetshenziswayo ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlaziywa, futhi ifeze imisebenzi yokuhlola eluhlaza neqhubekayo.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezinzuzo Zezomnotho Nezemvelo

Ukulawulwa kwezindleko kanye nokusimama sekuyizinto ezibalulekile ezicatshangelwayo emisebenzini yelabhorethri yanamuhla. Ukuhlanza nokusebenzisa kabusha ama-headspace vials kungase kungagcini nje ngokusindisa izindleko ezinkulu, kodwa futhi kunciphise imfucuza yelabhorethri, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye nokwakhiwa kwelabhorethri eluhlaza.

1. Izibalo zokonga izindleko: ezingasetshenziswa kabusha vs. Ezingasetshenziswa kabusha

Uma kusetshenziswa ama-headspace vials alahlwayo kuzo zonke izivivinyo, izivivinyo eziyi-100 bezizobangela ukulahlekelwa yizindleko ze-exponential. Uma i-vial ngayinye yengilazi ingasetshenziswa kabusha ngokuphephile izikhathi eziningana, izivivinyo ezifanayo bezizodinga isilinganiso noma ngaphansi kwezindleko zokuqala.

Inqubo yokuhlanza ihlanganisa nezinsizakusebenza, izihlanzi kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, kuma-laboratory anezinhlelo zokuhlanza ezenzakalelayo, izindleko zokuhlanza ezincane ziphansi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekuhlaziyweni kwamasampula amaningi, futhi izinzuzo zomnotho zokusetshenziswa kabusha zibaluleke kakhulu.

2. Ukusebenza kahle kokunciphisa imfucuza yelabhorethri

Ama-vial asetshenziswa kanye angaqoqa ngokushesha inani elikhulu lemfucuza yengilazi. Ngokusebenzisa kabusha ama-vial, ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza kungancishiswa kakhulu futhi umthwalo wokulahla imfucuza uncishiswe, ngezinzuzo ezisheshayo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokucwaninga ezinezindleko eziphezulu zokulahla imfucuza noma izidingo eziqinile zokuhlunga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunciphisa inani lama-spacer kanye nezivalo ze-aluminium ezisetshenziswayo kuzonciphisa kakhulu inani lokukhishwa kwemfucuza okusekelwe ngerabha kanye nensimbi.

3. Umnikelo ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwamalebhu

Ukusebenzisa kabusha izimpahla zelebhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile "yokuguqulwa okuluhlaza" kwelebhu. Ngokwandisa impilo yezinto ezisetshenziswayo ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ikhwalithi yedatha, asigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, kodwa futhi sihlangabezana nezidingo zezinhlelo zokuphathwa kwemvelo njenge-ISO 14001. Iphinde ihlangabezane nezidingo zezinhlelo zokuphathwa kwemvelo njenge-ISO 14001, futhi inethonya elihle ekufakweni kwesitifiketi selebhu eluhlaza, ukuhlolwa kokonga amandla kwamanyuvesi, kanye nemibiko yesibopho sezenhlalo senkampani.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusungulwa kokuhlelwa kwenqubo yokusetshenziswa kabusha nokuhlanza kukhuthaza nokuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kwelabhorethri futhi kusiza ekuhlakuleleni isiko lokuhlola elinikeza ukubaluleka okufanayo emqondweni wokuzinza kanye nezindinganiso zesayensi.

Iziphetho kanye Nombono

Ngamafuphi, ukuhlanzwa nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwama-headspace vials kungenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe. Izinto zeglasi ze-borosilicate ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezinokungangeni kahle kwamakhemikhali kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu zingasetshenziswa izikhathi eziningana ngaphandle kokuthinta kakhulu imiphumela yokuhlaziya ngaphansi kwezinqubo zokuhlanza ezifanele kanye nezimo zokusebenzisa. Ngokukhetha okunengqondo kwama-ejenti okuhlanza, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuhlanza ezenzakalelayo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokwelashwa kokomisa nokubulala amagciwane, ilabhorethri ingafinyelela ukusetshenziswa kabusha okujwayelekile kwama-vials, ilawule ngempumelelo izindleko futhi inciphise ukukhishwa kwemfucuza.

Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, uhlobo lwesampula, izidingo zokuzwela zendlela yokuhlaziya, kanye nokuguga kwama-vials nama-spacer kufanele kuhlolwe ngokugcwele. Kunconywa ukusungula inqubo yokusebenza ejwayelekile ebanzi, kufaka phakathi irekhodi lokusetshenziswa, umkhawulo wenani lokuphindaphinda, kanye nendlela yokuklwebha ngezikhathi ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kabusha akubi yingozi kwikhwalithi yedatha kanye nokuphepha kokuhlola.

Uma sibheka phambili, ngokukhuthazwa komqondo webhubhu eluhlaza kanye nokuqiniswa kwemithethonqubo yemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwama-vials kuzoba yindlela ebalulekile yokuphathwa kwezinsizakusebenza zelebhu, ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo lungagxila ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza obusebenza kahle kakhulu, obuzenzakalelayo, ukuhlola izinto ezintsha ezingasetshenziswa kabusha, njll., ngokuhlolwa kwesayensi kanye nokufakwa kwezikhungo zokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa kabusha kwama-vials e-headspace ngeke nje kuphela Ngokuhlolwa kwesayensi kanye nokuphathwa okuhlelekile, ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwama-vials e-headspace akusizi nje kuphela ukunciphisa izindleko zokuhlola, kodwa futhi kunikeza indlela engenzeka yokuthuthukiswa okusimeme kwama-laboratories.