Isingeniso

Izitsha ze-Headspace iziqukathi eziyisampula ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlaziyweni kwe-gas chromatography (GC), ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa amasampula anegesi noma awuketshezi ukuze kuzuzwe ukuthuthwa kwesampula okuzinzile nokuhlaziya ngohlelo oluvalekile. Izakhiwo zabo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvala kanye nokungangenisi kwamakhemikhali kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwemiphumela yokuhlaziya.

Ezivivinyweni zansuku zonke, izitsha ze-headspace zivame ukusetshenziswa njengento esebenzisekayo. Nakuba lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni ukungcoliseka okuphambene, kuphinde kwenyuse kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza kwelabhorethri, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinamavolumu amakhulu amasampula kanye nemvamisa yokuhlola ephezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa okulahlwayo kubangela inani elikhulu lemfucuza yengilazi, okufaka ingcindezi ekusimameni kwelabhorethri.

Impahla kanye Nezakhiwo Zezitsha ze-Headspace

Izitsha ze-Headspace ngokuvamile zenziwe ngengilazi ye-borosilicate enamandla amakhulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elikwazi ukumelana namakhemikhali, elingenamakhemikhali futhi lizinzile ngokwanele ukuze likwazi ukumelana nohlu olubanzi lwezinto ezincibilikisa izinto eziphilayo, izimo zokudla okunokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezindawo zokusebenza ezinomfutho ophezulu.Ngokwethiyori, ingilazi ye-borosilicate inokuhlanzwa okuhle kanye namandla okuphinda asetshenziswe, kodwa ukuphila kwayo kwangempela kunqunyelwe izici ezifana nokuguga kwesakhiwo kanye nezinsalela zokungcola.

Isistimu yokuvala iyingxenye ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwezitsha ze-headspace futhi ngokuvamile iqukethe ikepisi le-aluminium noma i-spacer. Ikepisi le-aluminium lakha ukuvala okungenagesi emlonyeni webhodlela ngendlala noma ngokulucungula, kuyilapho i-spacer inikeza ukufinyelela kokungena inaliti futhi ivimbela ukuvuza kwegesi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenkathi umzimba webhodlela lengilazi ugcina ukwakheka kwawo okuyisisekelo ngemva kokugeza kaningi, i-spacer ngokuvamile siyisici esilahlwayo futhi sithambekele ekulahlekeni kokutywinwa nokulahlekelwa kwempahla ngemva kokubhoboza, okuthinta ukuthembeka kokuphinda kusetshenziswe. Ngakho-ke, lapho uzama ukuphinda usetshenziswe, i-spacer ngokuvamile sidinga ukushintshwa, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwezitsha zengilazi namakepisi e-aluminium kudingeka kuhlolwe ubuqotho bazo bomzimba kanye nekhono lokugcina umoya ungangeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye onobuhle of vials ngokobukhulu, co-production. Kungase kube nokuhluka okuncane ekwakhiweni komlomo we-vial, njll., okungathinta ukuhambisana nama-autosampler vials, ukulingana kwe-seal, nesimo sensalela ngemva kokuhlanza. Ngakho-ke, lapho kwakhiwa uhlelo lokuhlanza nokusebenzisa kabusha, ukuqinisekiswa okujwayelekile kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kucaciswe izitsha ezisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana nokuthembeka kwedatha.

Ukuhlaziywa Kokwenzeka Kokuhlanza

1. Izindlela zokuhlanza

Izitsha ze-Headspace zihlanzwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuhlanza ngesandla kanye nokuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo futhi. Ukuhlanzwa mathupha kuvame ukufaneleka ukucubungula inqwaba encane, ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo, ngokuvamile ngebhulashi lebhodlela le-reagent, ukugeza kwamanzi agelezayo kanye nokucubungula kwamakhemikhali amakhemikhali amaningi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi inqubo yokuhlanza incike ekusebenzeni okwenziwa ngesandla, kunengozi yokuthi ukuphindaphinda kanye nemiphumela yokuhlanza ingase ingazinzi.

Ngokuphambene, imishini yokuhlanza ezenzakalelayo ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanza nokuvumelana. Ukuhlanza kwe-Ultrasonic kukhiqiza ama-bubbles amancane nge-oscillation ephezulu-frequency, engasusa ngokuphumelelayo izinsalela zokulandelela ezinamathela ekuvikeleni, futhi kulungele ngokukhethekile ukuphatha okunamathelayo kakhulu noma ukulandelela izinsalela eziphilayo.

Ukukhethwa kwe-ejenti yokuhlanza kunomthelela omkhulu kumphumela wokuhlanza. Ama-ejenti okuhlanza asetshenziswa kakhulu ahlanganisa i-ethanol, i-acetone, uketshezi lokugeza amabhodlela ane-aqueous, nezihlanzi ezikhethekile. Inqubo yokuhlanza enezinyathelo eziningi iyanconywa ngokujwayelekile: hlambulula i-solvent (ukukhipha izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo)→ihlanza ngamanzi (ukukhipha ukungcoliswa okuncibilika emanzini)→ihlanza ngamanzi ahlanzekile.

Ngemuva kokuthi ukuhlanza sekuqediwe, ukomiswa okuphelele kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kugwenywe umswakama osele othinta isampula. Imishini yokomisa esetshenziswa kaningi kuhhavini wokomisa ilabhorethri (60 ℃ -120 ℃), kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinzima, ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuthuthukisa inhlanzeko namandla e-bacteriostatic we-autoclaving.

2. Ukutholwa kwezinsalela ngemva kokuhlanza

Ukunemba kokuhlanza kudinga ukuqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa kwezinsalela. Imithombo evamile yokungcola ihlanganisa izinsalela ezivela kumasampuli angaphambilini, izincibilikisi, izithasiselo kanye nezingxenye zokuhlanza ezisele ezivela enqubweni yokuhlanza. Ukwehluleka ukususa lokhu kungcola ngokuphelele kuzoba nomthelela omubi ekuhlaziyweni okulandelayo okufana "nokuphakama kwezipoki" kanye nomsindo wangemuva owandile.

Ngokuphathelene nezindlela zokuthola, indlela eqondile kakhulu iwukuqhuba ukugijima okungenalutho, okungukuthi, ibhodlela elihlanziwe lijovwa njengesampula elingenalutho, futhi ukuba khona kweziqongo ezingaziwa kubonwa nge-gas chromatography (GC) noma i-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Enye indlela evamile ukuhlaziya i-organic carbon analysis, okusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa inani lezinto eziphilayo ezisele ku-vial surface noma kwisisombululo sokugeza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, "ukuqhathanisa kwangemuva" kungenziwa kusetshenziswa indlela ethile yokuhlaziya ehlobene nesampula: ibhodlela elihlanzekile liqhutshwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo nesitsha esisha, futhi izinga lezinkomba zasemuva liqhathaniswa nokuba khona kweziqongo ezingamanga ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi ukuhlanza kusezingeni elamukelekayo yini.

Izinto Ezithinta Ukusetshenziswa Kabusha

1. Umthelela emiphumeleni yokuhlaziya

Ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwezitsha ze-Headspace kuqala kudingeka kuhlolwe umthelela wako emiphumeleni yokuhlaziya, ikakhulukazi ekuhlaziyweni komthamo. Njengoba inani lokusetshenziswa landa, ama-trace compounds angase ahlale odongeni lwangaphakathi lwe-vial, futhi ngisho nangemva kokuhlanza, ukungcola komkhondo kungase kukhishwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okuphazamisa ukulinganisa kweziqongo ezihlosiwe. Izwela kakhulu ekuhlaziyweni komkhondo futhi kulula kakhulu ukuchema.

Ukunyuka komsindo wangemuva nakho kuyinkinga evamile. Ukuhlanzeka okungaphelele noma ukuwohloka kwempahla kungase kuholele ekungazinzini kwesisekelo sesistimu, kuphazamise ukuhlonza nokuhlanganiswa okuphezulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqiza kabusha kokuhlola nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside kuyizinkomba ezibalulekile zokuhlola ukuba nokwenzeka kokusetshenziswa kabusha. Uma izitsha zingahambisani nokuhlanzeka, ukusebenza kokuvala, noma ubuqotho bezinto ezibonakalayo, lokhu kuzoholela ekuhlukeni kokusebenza kahle komjovo kanye nokuguquguquka kwendawo ephakeme kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukukhiqizwa kabusha kokuhlolwa. Kunconywa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekiswa kwenqwaba kwenziwe ezitsheni eziphinde zasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezingokoqobo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqhathaniswa nokuvumelana kwedatha ehlaziyiwe.

2. Ukuguga kweVial nama-spacers

Ukuguga komzimba kanye nokuwohloka kwempahla ye-vial kanye nesistimu yokuvala uphawu akunakugwenywa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe. Ngemuva kwemijikelezo eminingi yokuhamba ngebhayisikili eshisayo, imithelela yemishini nokuhlanza, amabhodlela engilazi angase ahlakulele imifantu emincane noma imihuzuko, engabi "izindawo ezifile" zokungcola, kodwa futhi ibeka ingozi yokuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuphezulu.

Izikhala, njengezingxenye zokubhoboza, ziwohloka ngokushesha. Inani elikhuphukile lokubhoboza lingabangela i-spacer cavity ukuthi inwebe noma ivaleke kahle, okuholela ekulahlekeni kokuvuthwa kwesampula, ukuphelelwa umoya, kanye nokungaqini kokuphakelayo. Ukuguga kwe-spacer kungase futhi kukhulule izinhlayiya noma izinto eziphilayo ezingase zingcolise isampula.

Ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kokuguga kufaka phakathi ukuguga kwebhodlela, amadiphozithi angaphezulu, nokuguqulwa kwekepisi ye-aluminium, konke okungathinta ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa isampula nokuhambisana kwezinsimbi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuhlolwa nokuthembeka kwedatha, kunconywa ukwenza ukuhlola okubonakalayo okudingekayo nokuhlolwa kokuvala ngaphambi kokuphinda kusetshenziswe, futhi kuqedwe izingxenye ezinokuguga okuphawulekayo kanye nokudabuka ngesikhathi.

Izincomo kanye Nezixwayiso Zokusetshenziswa Kabusha

Izitsha ze-headspace zingasetshenziswa kabusha ngokwezinga elithile ngemva kokuhlanza nokuqinisekiswa okwanele, kodwa lokhu kufanele kwahlulelwe ngokucophelela kucatshangelwa isimo sesicelo esithile, uhlobo lwesampula kanye nezimo zemishini.

1. Inombolo enconyiwe yokusebenzisa kabusha

Ngokuvumelana nesipiliyoni esisebenzayo samanye amalabhorethri kanye nezincwadi, ezimweni zokusetshenziswa lapho ama-VOC ajwayelekile noma amasampula okungcola aphansi aphathwa, izitsha zengilazi zingasetshenziswa kabusha izikhathi ezi-3-5, inqobo nje uma zihlanzwa ngokuqinile, zomiswa futhi zihlolwe ngemuva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye. Ngemuva kwalesi sibalo sezikhathi, ubunzima bokuhlanza, ubungozi bokuguga kanye namathuba okuvalwa kahle kwezitsha zanda kakhulu, futhi kunconywa ukuthi ziqedwe ngesikhathi esifanele. Amakhushini anconywa ukuthi ashintshwe ngemva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye futhi akunconywa ukuthi aphinde asetshenziswe.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ikhwalithi ye-vials iyahlukahluka phakathi kwemikhiqizo namamodeli futhi kufanele iqinisekiswe ngesisekelo somkhiqizo othize. Kumaphrojekthi abalulekile noma ukuhlaziya okunembayo, izitsha ezintsha kufanele zincanywe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka kwedatha.

2. Izimo lapho ukusetshenziswa kabusha kunganconywa

Ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwezitsha ze-headspace akunconywa kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Izinsalela zesampula kunzima ukuzikhipha ngokuphelele, isb.
• Isampula inobuthi obuphezulu noma iyaguquguquka, isb i-benzene, ama-hydrocarbon e-chlorinated, njll. Izinsalela ezicacile zingaba yingozi ku-opharetha;
• Ukuvalwa kokushisa okuphezulu noma izimo ezicindezelayo ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwe-vial, izinguquko zokucindezeleka kwesakhiwo zingathinta ukubekwa uphawu okulandelayo;
• Izitsha zisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezilawulwa kakhulu njengezobunhloli, ukudla, kanye nemithi, futhi kufanele zihambisane nemithetho efanele kanye nezidingo zokugunyazwa kwaselabhorethri;
• Izitsha ezinemifantu ebonakalayo, ukuwohloka, ukushintsha kombala, noma amalebula okunzima ukuwasusa adala ubungozi bokuphepha.

3. Ukusungulwa kwezinqubo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza

Ukuze kuzuzwe ukusetshenziswa kabusha okuphumelelayo nokuphephile, izinqubo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza ezifanayo kufanele zenziwe, okuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini nje ngokulandela amaphuzu alandelayo:

• Ukuphathwa kwamalebula ngokwezigaba kanye nezinombolo: Khomba izitsha ezisetshenzisiwe futhi urekhode inani lezikhathi nezinhlobo zamasampula asetshenzisiwe;
• Ukusungulwa kweshidi lerekhodi lokuhlanza: linganisa umjikelezo ngamunye wenqubo yokuhlanza, rekhoda uhlobo lwe-ejenti yokuhlanza, isikhathi sokuhlanza, nemingcele yemishini;
• Ukubeka amazinga okuphela kwempilo nemijikelezo yokuhlola: kunconywa ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokubukeka kanye nokuhlolwa kokubeka uphawu ngemuva komjikelezo ngamunye wokusetshenziswa;
• Ukusetha indlela yokuhlukanisa izindawo zokuhlanza nezokugcina: ukugwema ukungcola kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izitsha ezihlanzekile zihlala zihlanzekile ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa;
• Ukwenza izivivinyo zokuqinisekisa ngezikhathi ezithile: isb ukugijima okungenalutho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungabikho kokuphazamiseka kwangemuva kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe ayithinti imiphumela yokuhlaziya.

Ngokuphathwa kwesayensi kanye nezinqubo ezimisiwe, ilabhorethri inganciphisa ngokunengqondo izindleko zezinto ezisetshenziswayo ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlaziya, futhi izuze imisebenzi yokuhlola eluhlaza nesimeme.

Ukuhlola Izinzuzo Zezomnotho Nezemvelo

Ukulawulwa kwezindleko kanye nokusimama sekuphenduke izinto ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwelabhorethri yesimanje. Ukuhlanza nokusebenzisa kabusha izitsha ze-headspace kungase kungaphumeleli nje kuphela ekongeni izindleko ezinkulu, kodwa futhi kunciphise udoti waselabhorethri, okuwukubaluleka okuhle ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye nokwakhiwa kwelabhorethri eluhlaza.

1. Izibalo zokonga izindleko: ezilahlwayo uma ziqhathaniswa nokusebenziseka kabusha

Uma izitsha ezilahlwayo ze-headspace bezisetshenziswa kukho konke ukuhlola, ukuhlola okungu-100 bekuzoletha ukulahlekelwa kwezindleko ezinkulu. Uma ibhodlela lengilazi ngalinye lingasetshenziswa kabusha ngokuphephile izikhathi ezimbalwa, ukuhlola okufanayo kuzodinga kuphela isilinganiso noma esingaphansi kwezindleko zangempela.

Inqubo yokuhlanza ihlanganisa nezinsiza, okokuhlanza kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, kumalabhorethri anezinhlelo zokuhlanza ezizenzakalelayo, izindleko zokuhlanza i-marginal ziphansi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekuhlaziyweni kwamasampula amakhulu, futhi izinzuzo zezomnotho zokuphinda zisetshenziswe zibaluleke kakhulu.

2. Ukusebenza kahle kokunciphisa imfucuza yaselabhorethri

Izitsha ezisetshenziswa kanyekanye zingaqongelela ngokushesha inani elikhulu lemfucuza yengilazi. Ngokuphinda kusetshenziswe izitsha, ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza kungancishiswa kakhulu futhi nomthwalo wokulahlwa kwemfucuza uncishiswe, kube nezinzuzo ezisheshayo ikakhulukazi kumalabhorethri anezindleko eziphezulu zokulahla imfucuza noma izidingo eziqinile zokuhlunga.

Ukwengeza, ukwehlisa isibalo sezikhala namakepisi e-aluminium asetshenzisiwe kuzophinde kunciphise inani lokukhishwa kukadoti okususelwa kunjoloba kanye nensimbi.

3. Igalelo ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwamalabhorethri

Ukusebenzisa kabusha izinsiza zelebhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile “yenguquko eluhlaza” yelebhu. Ngokwandisa isikhathi sezinto ezisetshenziswayo ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ikhwalithi yedatha, asigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezisetshenziswa, kodwa futhi sihlangabezana nezimfuneko zezinhlelo zokulawulwa kwemvelo ezifana ne-ISO 14001. Iphinde ihlangabezane nezimfuneko zezinhlelo zokulawulwa kwemvelo njenge-ISO 14001, futhi inomthelela omuhle ekufakweni kwesitifiketi selabhorethri eluhlaza, ukuhlolwa kwezikhungo zokonga amandla, imibiko yesikhungo senyuvesi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusungulwa kokumiswa kwenqubo yokusebenzisa kabusha nokuhlanza futhi kukhuthaza ukwenziwa ngcono kokuphathwa kwelabhorethri futhi kusiza ukuhlakulela isiko lokuhlola elinikeza ukubaluleka okulinganayo kumqondo wokusimama kanye nezinkambiso zesayensi.

Iziphetho kanye ne-Outlook

Kafushane, ukuhlanzwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezitsha ze-headspace kungenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe. Izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme zengilazi ye-borosilicate ene-inertness enhle yamakhemikhali kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kungasetshenziswa izikhathi eziningana ngaphandle kokuthinta kakhulu imiphumela yokuhlaziya ngaphansi kwezinqubo zokuhlanza ezifanele nezimo zokusebenzisa. Ngokukhetha okunengqondo kwama-ejenti okuhlanza, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuhlanza ezenzakalelayo, kanye nenhlanganisela yokomisa nokwelashwa kokuvala inzalo, ilabhorethri ingakwazi ukuzuza ukusetshenziswa kabusha okujwayelekile kwezitsha, ukulawula izindleko ngempumelelo kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwemfucuza.

Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, imvelo yesampula, izidingo zokuzwela zendlela yokuhlaziya, kanye nokuguga kwamabhodlela nama-spacers kufanele kuhlolwe ngokugcwele. Kunconywa ukusungula inqubo yokusebenza evamile ebanzi, okuhlanganisa irekhodi lokusetshenziswa, umkhawulo enanini lezimpinda, kanye nendlela yokuchitha ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kabusha akubeki engcupheni ikhwalithi yedatha nokuphepha kokuhlola.

Uma sibheka phambili, ngokukhuthazwa komqondo welabhorethri eluhlaza kanye nokuqiniswa kwemithethonqubo yezemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamabhodlela kancane kancane kuzoba isiqondiso esibalulekile sokuphathwa kwezinsiza zaselabhorethri, ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo lungagxila ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obusebenza kahle, obuzenzakalelayo bokuhlanza, ukuhlola izinto ezintsha ezisebenzisekayo, njll. ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwezitsha ze-headspace akusizi nje kuphela ukunciphisa izindleko zokuhlola, kodwa futhi kunikeza indlela engenzeka yokuthuthukiswa okusimeme kwamalabhorethri.