Isingeniso

Izitsha zeSerum zisetshenziswa kakhulu njengeziqukathi ezibalulekile zokugcinwa, ukuthuthwa kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinto ezibucayi njengama-serum, imithi yokugoma, ama-biological agents, njll., emikhakheni eminingi efana nezamakhemisi, amalabhorethri ezokwelapha kanye nocwaningo.Noma ngabe kusekuthuthukisweni kwezidakamizwa ezintsha, ekwelashweni komtholampilo, noma ocwaningweni oluyisisekelo lwesayensi, izitsha ze-serum zidlala indima engenakushintshwa, futhi izinto zazo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izinto zengilazi noma ze-polymer ezinokuvaleka okuhle nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali.

Njengoba isidingo sezinhlelo zokusebenza sikhula, ukukhetha phakathi kwezitsha ezisetshenziswa kanye kanye nezitsha ezisebenziseka kabusha sekuphenduke impikiswano isikhathi eside embonini. Izitsha ezisetshenziswa kanyekanye zinikeza ukunethezeka, inhlanzeko kanye nengozi ephansi yokungcola, kuyilapho izitsha ezisebenziseka kabusha zisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi aziwumthwalo kangako imvelo.

Ukwanda kwemfucuza yezokwelapha akulethi nje kuphela ukucindezela okukhulu kwemvelo, kodwa futhi kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Indlela yokunciphisa umkhondo wezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile kanye nokubona isimo esiphumelelayo sokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe kuyilapho uhlangabezana nezimfuneko ezisezingeni eliphezulu zocwaningo lwezokwelapha nolwesayensi sekuphenduke inselele engenakugwenywa emphakathini wanamuhla.

Isimo kanye Nomthelela Wezitsha zeSerum Ezilahlwayo

Izitsha ze-serum ezilahlwayo zisetshenziswa kakhulu emithini yesimanje, yezokwelapha kanye ne-keyanu. Impahla yayo eyinhloko ngokuvamile i-polyethylene, i-polypropylene namanye amapulasitiki noma ingilazi ekhethekile, ingaqinisekisa ukuzinza okuhle ngokomzimba namakhemikhali kanye ne-biocompatibility.

1. Izinzuzo

• Ubunyumba obuphezulu kanye nengozi encishisiwe yokutheleleka okuphambene: Izitsha ze-serum ezilahlwayo zivame ukuvalwa inzalo ngokuqinile phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iqoqo ngalinye lomkhiqizo lihlangabezana nendinganiso yobunyumba. Ilahlwa ngokuqondile ngemva kokusetshenziswa, igwema inkinga yokungcoliswa okuphambene ngenxa yokucaca okungaphelele noma ukuvala inzalo okungajwayelekile, kulungele izimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezinezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu ekuhlanzekeni kwesampula kanye nokuphepha kwemvelo.
• Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ukonga izindleko zokuhlanza nokuvala inzalo: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezitsha ezisebenzisekayo kabusha, izitsha ze-serum ezilahlwayo ziqeda isidingo sokuhlanza kanzima, ukuvala inzalo kanye nezinqubo zokuhlola ikhwalithi, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwamalabhorethri nezindawo zokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iphinde inciphise izingozi nezindleko ezengeziwe ezihambisana namaphutha okwenziwa ngesandla, okwenza inqubo iyonke iguqule futhi ilawuleke.

2. Okubi

• Ukwenyuka kwemfucuza yepulasitiki/yengilazi kanye nokwanda kokungcoliswa kwemvelo: Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezitsha ze-serum ezilahlwayo kuye kwaholela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwenani likadoti. Njengoba imfucumfucu yezokwelapha ivame ukuhlukaniswa njengemfucuza eyingozi, izindlela zokulahla azigcini nje ngokudla amandla amaningi, kodwa zingase zikhiphe namagesi ayingozi, ziphinde zihlanganise umthelela omubi emvelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma zingaphathwa kahle, izinhlayiya zepulasitiki zingathola indlela yazo endaweni yemvelo, okubangela ukulimala kwesikhathi eside kwemvelo.
• Izindleko zesikhathi eside eziphakeme kanye nokuqedwa kwezinsiza okungenazinzo: Naphezu kwezindleko eziphansi zokusetshenziswa kwamagama, umthwalo wezomnotho usuwonke wamabhodlela e-serum alahlwayo awuncane uma kuthengwa futhi esetshenziswa ngobuningi esikhathini eside. Inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza iklanyelwe ukukhipha izinto eziningi ezingavuthiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa, okuphambene nemiqondo eqhubekayo yokugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhabhoni ephansi okukhuthazwayo njengamanje. Njengoba inhloso yomhlaba wonke yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ithuthuka, imodeli yokuthembela ezintweni ezisebenzisekayo ezilahlwayo ingaphansi kwengcindezi ekhulayo yangaphandle.

Ukuhlaziywa Kokwenzeka Kwezitsha Ze-Serum Ezisebenziseka Kabusha

Njengoba umqondo wokusimama uthuthuka ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kanye nocwaningo, izitsha ze-serum ezisebenzisekayo zibuyekezwa kancane kancane njengenye indlela. Ngokuklama nokuphatha okunengqondo, izitsha ze-serum ezisebenzisekayo azisizi nje ukunciphisa umthwalo wemvelo, kodwa futhi zinamandla okuletha izinzuzo zezomnotho ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi eside. Nokho, kusenezinselelo eziningi zobuchwepheshe nezokuphatha ekusebenziseni okungokoqobo.

1. Izinzuzo

• Imfucuza encishisiwe, ngokuhambisana nemigomo yomnotho oyindilinga: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezitsha ze-serum ezilahlwayo, izitsha ezisebenzisekayo zinciphisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza, ikakhulukazi kumalabhorethri namayunithi ezokwelapha asebenzisa imvamisa ephezulu, umphumela wokunciphisa imfucuza usobala kakhulu.
• Izindleko eziphansi zesikhathi eside kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwezinsiza: Nakuba utshalomali lwasekuqaleni luphakeme, izindleko ezimaphakathi zokusetshenziswa kwamagama ziphansi kakhulu kunalezo zamabhodlela alahlwayo ngemva kokusetshenziswa okuningi. Ezingxenyeni ezinkulu, eziqhubekayo zokusebenza, izitsha ze-serum ezingasetshenziswa kabusha zinganciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko zezici ezihlukahlukene zokuthenga, ezokuthutha kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokukhuphuka kwezindleko zempahla eluhlaza kanye nezindleko zokulahla imfucuza, izinzuzo zayo zezomnotho zizobonakala kakhulu.

2. Okubi

• Izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlanza nokuvala inzalo ezingase zibeke engozini ukuphepha: izitsha ze-serum ezisebenzisekayo kabusha zingaphansi kokuhlanzwa okuqinile, ukuvala inzalo kanye nezinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izitsha zihlangabezana nezidingo zobunyumba ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngakunye. Ukuhlanzeka okungaphelele, ukuvala inzalo okunganele noma ukulimala kwamabhodlela ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvala inzalo kungaholela ekungcoleni okuphambanayo, ekuhlulekeni kokuhlolwa noma ezehlakalweni zokuphepha emtholampilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokuvala inzalo ngokwayo idinga inani elikhulu lamanzi namandla okokufaka, okuphinde kubeke umthwalo othile wemvelo.
• Utshalomali oluphezulu lokuqala, ludinga ukusekela uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha nokwelashwa: ukusungula uhlelo olusebenziseka kabusha olusebenzayo, akudingekile kuphela ukuthenga izitsha ze-serum zekhwalithi ephezulu ezimelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokugqwala, kodwa futhi ukutshala izimali ezikhungweni ezisekelayo ezifana nokuhlanza, ukuvala inzalo, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, ukuthutha kanye nokugcinwa kwempahla. Lokhu kubeka izimfuno eziphezulu ohlelweni lokuphatha ilabhorethri futhi kudinga izindleko zomsebenzi ezengeziwe nesikhathi ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokusebenza.

Ukuhwebelana kanye Nezinselelo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme

Ekukhetheni phakathi kwezitsha ze-serum ezilahlwayo nezisebenziseka kabusha, ukusimama kuba yinto ebalulekile engeke ishaywe indiva. Ibhalansi phakathi kokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukusebenza kahle komnotho kanye ne-biosafety wudaba okufanele luhlaziywe ngokujulile lapho kuthathwa izinqumo.

1. Ukuqhathaniswa kwemithelela yemvelo: i-carbon footprint, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, ukulahlwa kukadoti

• Izitsha ze-serum ezilahlwayo ngokuvamile zinekhabhoni ephezulu ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ukuthuthwa kanye nokulahlwa. Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwamapulasitiki, ingilazi nezinye izinto akudli nje kuphela izinsiza ezibalulekile ze-petroleum namaminerali, kodwa futhi kuhambisana nenqubo yokulahlwa kwemfucuza ngenani elikhulu lokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi. Izitsha ze-serum ezisebenzisekayo kabusha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziyakwazi ukwehlisa ngokuphawulekayo umthwalo wendawo ngeyunithi ngayinye yomkhiqizo ngokwandisa umjikelezo wokusetshenziswa.
• Kodwa-ke, izitsha ezisebenzisekayo kabusha zisebenzisa amanzi amaningi, amaphuzu, namakhemikhali phakathi nenqubo yokuhlanza nokuvala inzalo, okungase futhi kususe ezinye zezinzuzo zemvelo uma inqubo yokubamba ingathuthukiswa. Ngakho-ke, ukusungulwa kwesistimu yokuhlanza eyonga amandla kanye nokuvala inzalo kubalulekile ekufezeni amandla ayo okuzinzile.

2. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezindleko zomnotho: isikhathi esifushane uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlaziywa kwezindleko zesikhathi eside

• Esikhathini esifushane, izitsha ze-serum ezilahlwayo zinganciphisa kakhulu ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala ngenxa yentengo yazo ephansi yokuthenga nokusebenziseka kalula, kuzenze zifanelekele amaphrojekthi anesabelomali esilinganiselwe noma izidingo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokusetshenziswa okunqwabelanayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isamba sezindleko zezinto ezisetshenziswayo zikhuphuka ngokushesha njengoba umthamo wokuthenga, izindleko zokulahlwa kwemfucuza, kanye nezikweletu ezingaba khona zentela yemvelo zikhuphuka.
• Ngokuphambene, nakuba amabhodlela e-serum asebenziseka kabusha anokuthengwa okuphezulu kokuqala kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhungo esihambisanayo, izindleko zokusetshenziswa ngakunye zehla kakhulu uma zisakazwa ekusebenziseni okuningi. Ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokusebenzisa imvamisa ephezulu kanye nezinga elikhulu, izinzuzo zezomnotho zesikhathi eside zisobala kakhulu.

3. Ukuphepha nemithethonqubo: izidingo zokulawula kanye namazinga emboni emazweni ahlukene

• I-Biosafety kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo yizidingo ezibalulekile zokusebenzisa izitsha ze-serum. Amazwe amaningi anemithetho eqinile yemishini yezokwelapha engasetshenziswa futhi engasetshenziswa futhi, enezidingo ezicacile zokungabi msulwa, ukulandeleka kanye nokumiswa kokusetshenziswa.
• Emkhakheni wezitsha ze-serum ezilahlwayo, imikhiqizo ejwayelekile kulula ukuhambisana nemithethonqubo efanele. Izitsha ze-serum ezisebenzisekayo kabusha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zidinga ubufakazi obengeziwe bokusebenza nokungaguquguquki kwenqubo yokuhlanza nokuvala inzalo, okwengeza enkingeni yokulawulwa kwekhwalithi. Ezinye izimo zohlelo lokusebenza ngezinjongo ezithile zisavuna izinto ezisebenzisekayo ezilahlwayo ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomehluko emazingeni okuhlukaniswa nokwelashwa kwemfucuza yezokwelapha emazweni ahlukene, okuphinde kuthinte ukwamukelwa nokusetshenziswa kwezitsha ze-serum ezilahlwayo nezisebenzisekayo kabusha ezifundeni ezihlukene.

Amathrendi Azayo Nezixazululo

Ekukhetheni phakathi kwezitsha ze-serum ezilahlwayo nezisebenziseka kabusha, indlela yesikhathi esizayo yentuthuko ayinciki nje kuphela ekusungulweni okusha kwezobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi idinga isiqondiso senqubomgomo kanye nesibopho senkampani ukwenza umzamo ohlangene wokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle ngaphansi kwesisekelo sentuthuko esimeme yangempela.

1. Ukuqanjwa okusha kwezobuchwepheshe: izinto eziwohlokayo kanye nezindlela zokuhlanza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu

• Ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe obusha bezinto ezibonakalayo kunikeze impumelelo ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwezitsha ze-serum. Njengamanje, abacwaningi bahlakulela izitsha ezisekelwe kumapulasitiki angaboli, angonakaliswa ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, inqobo nje uma behlangabezana namandla athile, ukubekwa uphawu kanye nokuvumelana kwezinto eziphilayo.

2. Umfutho wenqubomgomo: uhulumeni noma inhlangano yezimboni izinxephezelo zeziqukathi ezisebenziseka kabusha

• Uhulumeni nezinhlangano zezimboni zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo oluluhlaza. Ngokwakhiwa kwezinzuzo, ikhefu lentela, kanye nokusungulwa kwamazinga acacile emvelo, imboni ingaqondiswa ekushintsheni kancane kancane ibe yimodeli esimeme kakhudlwana.
• Ngokuzayo, imithetho yomhlaba wonke mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwemithi okusebenzisekayo ngendlela evumelana nemvelo kulindeleke ukuthi ithuthukiswe futhi, okuzogqugquzela izinhlangano eziningi zemithi nezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthi zamukele izinto ezisimeme nezinqubo.

3. Isibopho sebhizinisi: ukuthi izinkampani zemithi zibhalansisa kanjani izindleko, ukuphepha kanye nokusimama

• Izinkampani ezenza imithi, njengabasebenzisi abakhulu bezitsha ze-serum, zinomthwalo wemfanelo ongenakuqhathaniswa ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme. Izinkampani azidingi nje ukuhlola izindleko zesikhathi esifushane nezesikhathi eside mayelana nokusebenza kahle kwezomnotho, kodwa kufanele futhi zicabangele imithelela yezemvelo kanye nempilo yomphakathi kusukela ezingeni eliphezulu lokuzibophezela komphakathi.
• Ezinye izinkampani ezihola phambili ezenza imithi seziqalile ukuhlola amasu “amalebhu aluhlaza” kanye namasu “e-carbon-neutral supply chain” ukuze kuncishiswe kancane kancane ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kanyekanye ngokuthuthukisa amazinga okuthenga, ukutshala imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezisimeme, kanye nokumisa izinhlelo zangaphakathi zokugaywa kabusha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo nokuhambisana, ukuzama ngenkuthalo ukwethula izinhlelo ezisebenzisekayo ngeke nje kuthuthukise isithombe somkhiqizo wenkampani, kodwa futhi kubambe ithuba esikhathini esizayo imithethonqubo yezemvelo eqinile.

Isiphetho

Ukukhetha phakathi kokulahlwayo nokusebenziseka kabusha okuzungeze indlela izitsha ze-serum ezisetshenziswa ngayo empeleni kuwukuphikisana nokuhwebelana phakathi kokusebenza kahle, ukuphepha kanye nomqondo wokusimama.

Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukulandelwa kwe-biosafety kanye nokuhlola, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo nokulawulwa kwezindleko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwemikhiqizo engasetshenziswa kabusha kufanele kuthuthukiswe ngokuqhubekayo ngokuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe.

Uma sibheka ikusasa, isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwezitsha ze-serum kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokupakishwa zezokwelapha kuzodlulela endleleni ehlakaniphile nenobungani nemvelo. Ngokusungula izinto ezintsha, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwesistimu nokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo, imboni yocwaningo lwezokwelapha nesayensi kulindeleke ukuthi iqinisekise izinsizakalo zekhwalithi ephezulu kuyilapho iqaphela incazelo yangempela yentuthuko esimeme, yenza iminikelo emihle endaweni yemvelo yomhlaba wonke kanye nempilo yabantu.