Isingeniso

Ocwaningweni lwesayensi lwesimanje nokuhlaziywa kokuhlola, igumbi lokuqoqa isampula liyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwedatha. Futhi kule nqubo, izitsha zokuqoqa isampula, njengesithwali esiyinhloko sokugcinwa kwesampula nokuthutha, ukukhethwa nokusetshenziswa kwayo kuhlobene ngokuqondile nobuqotho nokuzinza kwesampula kanye nokunemba kokuhlaziywa okulandelayo.

Izitsha zokuqoqa isampula zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitsha zihlukaniswa ngokucophelela ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, isakhiwo, izithasiselo kanye nokuvalwa kwamasampula ahlukene anezakhiwo ezahlukene ze-physicochemical, izidingo zokuhlaziya kanye nezimo zokugcina.

Ukuhlukaniswa Okuyisisekelo Kwezitsha Zokuqoqwa Kwesampula

Izinhlobo ezihlukene zamasampuli zinezidingo ezihlukene zezitsha zokuqoqa isampula ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa nokugcinwa.Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda ukuhlukaniswa okuyisisekelo kwezitsha zokuqoqwa kwesampula kuzosiza abahloli ukuthi benze ukukhetha okufanele kakhulu ngokuya ngezidingo zangempela. Sekukonke, amashubhu esampula angahlukaniswa ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, indlela yokuvala kanye nobukhulu obufana ne-solvent kanye ne-structural morphology.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo: ingilazi vs. Ipulasitiki

• Glass Isampula Amashubhu: Imvamisa eyenziwe ngengilazi ephezulu ye-borosilicate ene-inertness enhle yamakhemikhali nokuzinza okushisayo, efanelekile kumakhemikhali amaningi e-organic kanye nezimo zokucubungula ukushisa okuphezulu. Ikakhulukazi ekuhlaziyeni okunembayo okuphezulu noma ukuqoqwa kwezinhlanganisela ezikhangiswa kalula, izitsha zengilazi zingagwema ngempumelelo ukucekelwa phansi kwesampula noma ukungcoliswa.
• Izitsha zokuqoqa isampula yepulasitiki: izinto ezijwayelekile zifaka i-polypropylene, i-polyethylene, i-polycarbonate, njll. Zimelana nomthelela omkhulu futhi zingasindi, futhi zifanele ukuqandiswa kwe-cryogenic, ukuqoqwa kwesampula yebhayoloji, kanye nokuhlolwa komtholampilo okujwayelekile. Ezinye zezitsha zepulasitiki ezisezingeni eliphezulu nazo zimelana nezinga elithile lokugqwala kwamakhemikhali.

2. Ukuhlelwa ngendlela yokuvala: isikulufu, i-bayonet, uhlobo lwegland

• Uhlobo lwesikulufu: uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, olulula ukuluvula nokuvala, olufanele izidingo eziningi zaselabhorethri. Amakepisi we-Screw-port ngokuvamile abhangqwa nama-PTFE/silicone gaskets ukuqinisekisa ukuvala nokuhambisana kwamakhemikhali.
• Uhlobo lwe-bayonet: Ivalwe ngokushesha ngokuphazima kweso, ilungele ukusebenza ngokushesha noma izikhathi ezidinga ukuvulwa njalo, isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinkundleni ezizenzakalelayo noma izinqubo ezithile zokuhlola ezijwayelekile.
• Uhlobo lwendlala: Ivalwe ngekepisi lensimbi nendlala, engangeni moya kakhulu, evame ukusetshenziswa ku-gas chromatography nokunye ukuhlola okudinga ukulawulwa kokuntengantenga okuphezulu. Ifanele ukugcinwa nokuthutha isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlolweni kwesampula yemvelo.

3. Ukuhlukaniswa ngevolumu nangomumo: okujwayelekile, okuncane, okuphansi kwe-conical, njll.

• Izitsha ezijwayelekile: amavolumu avamile angu-1.5 ml, 2 ml no-5 ml, afanele ukuqoqwa nokuhlaziywa kwamasampula amaningi oketshezi. Umumo uvame ukuba yi-cylindrical, okulula ukubanjwa yimishini ezenzakalelayo.
• Izitsha ezincane: enevolumu engu-0.2ml-0.5ml, evamise ukusetshenziselwa amasampula amancane kakhulu noma imiklamo yokuhlola yokuphuma okuphezulu. Ifanele uhlelo lwamasampula amancane.
• Izitsha ezingaphansi kwekhoni: Iphansi lebhodlela liklanywe ngendlela yekhoni, elungele ukugxiliswa kwesampula, ukusebenza kwe-centrifugal kanye nokulangazelela okungenansalela, okuvame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kokukhipha amaprotheni/nucleic acid.
• Izitsha eziphansi eziphansi/eziyindilinga ezingezansi: I-Flat bottoms ifanele imishini ye-autosampling, kuyilapho ama-bottoms ayindilinga afaneleka kakhulu ekusebenzeni okwenziwa ngesandla noma izimo zokuxuba i-vortex.

Izicelo Kumasampuli Ezinto eziphilayo (amasampula egazi njengesibonelo)

Njengelinye lamasampula ebhayoloji ajwayeleke kakhulu futhi ayisisekelo, igazi lisetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuhlonzwa komtholampilo, ukuhlolwa kofuzo, kanye nocwaningo lwe-proteomics. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okuyinkimbinkimbi nomsebenzi oqinile webhayoloji, izidingo zeziqukathi zokuqoqa ziqine kakhulu. Izitsha zokuqoqa isampula ezisetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zihlukile ngokwezithasiselo, izinto zokwakha kanye nokwakheka kwesakhiwo, okuthinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yamasampula kanye nokunemba kokuhlaziywa okulandelayo.

1. Imvelo kanye nenjongo yokusetshenziswa

• Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha komtholampilo: ngegazi elijwayelekile, i-biochemistry, ama-electrolyte, ukuhlolwa kwezinga lamahomoni, njll., kudingeka kusheshe, kusebenze kahle, kugweme ukopha nokungcoliswa.
• Ucwaningo lwebhayoloji yamangqamuzana: njenge-RNA-seq, i-whole genome sequencing (WGS), qPCR, njll., edinga izidingo eziphakeme zobuqotho be-nucleic acid nezimo zokulondoloza isampula.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwamaprotheni kanye ne-metabolomics: ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuvimbela umsebenzi we-protease, ukuhambisana kwe-solvent, ukuzinza ngemva kokuqhwa okuphindaphindiwe nokuncibilika.

2. Isampula evamile yokuqoqa izitsha izinhlobo nokucushwa

• Iqukethe izitsha ze-anticoagulant: Amashubhu e-EDTA asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlolweni kwe-hematology kanye ne-nucleic acid extraction, engavimbela ngokuphumelelayo inqubo yokuhlanganisa futhi ivikele i-morphology yeselula; Amashubhu e-Heparin afaneleka ekuhlaziyweni kwe-plasma, afanele ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali athile (isb, ukuhlaziya igesi yegazi), kodwa aphazamise ukusabela okuthile kwe-PCR; kanye namashubhu e-sodium citrate asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlolweni kokusebenza kwe-coagulation.
• Amashubhu okuqoqa igazi angenazingezo: isetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwe-serum, njengokuthatha umsebenzi, ukusebenza kwezinso, ukuhlolwa kwe-immunology, njll. Ngemva kokuba igazi lihlangene ngokwemvelo, i-serum ihlukaniswa nge-centrifugation ukugwema izithasiselo zamakhemikhali eziphazamisa ukusabela kokuhlola.
• Izitsha ezikhethekile ze-cryopreservation: yenziwe ngezinto eziqinile ze-PP, ezikwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu (-80 ℃ kuya endaweni eyi-nitrogen eyi-liquid). Okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukulondolozwa isikhathi eside kwe-plasma, i-serum, izingxenye zamaselula, njll., esetshenziswa kabanzi kumabhange esampula yezinto eziphilayo kanye nezifundo zokulandelela zesikhathi eside.

3. I-Caveat

• Ithonya lezinto ezibonakalayo ekuzinzeni kwesampula: Izitsha zepulasitiki zingakhanga amaprotheni noma ama-nucleic acid, adinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezikhangayo eziphansi noma ukwelashwa kwendawo. Izitsha zengilazi zizinzile kodwa azifaneleki kuzo zonke izimo zokuqandisa Ochwepheshe belebhu badinga ukwenza isahlulelo esisuselwe kuhlobo lwesampula kanye nezidingo zokuhlolwa.
• Ukubaluleka kokulebula nesistimu yokulandeleka: Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, amasampuli adideka kalula ngenxa yokulebula, ulwazi olungaphelele nezinye izinkinga, ezithinta kabi ukuthembeka kwedatha. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amalebula aphrintiwe nge-laser, izitikha zesitoreji esiqandisiwe ezihlala isikhathi eside noma uhlelo lokulandelela ngogesi (njenge-RFID, ibhakhodi) kuyo yonke inqubo yokuphatha amasampula.

Ukulondolozwa nokuphathwa kwamasampula egazi kudlala indima ewujuqu emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa, futhi izitsha ezifanele zokuqoqwa kwesampula azikhulisi nje kuphela ukulondolozwa komsebenzi wesampula nobuqotho, kodwa futhi ziyimfuneko yocwaningo lwekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngokuthuthukiswa komuthi onembayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa okuphezulu, isidingo sezitsha zokuqoqa isampula yebhayoloji siya ngokuya siba uketshezi futhi sicwengisiswe.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwamakhemikhali kanye Namasampula Aselabhorethri

Kumakhemikhali okuhlaziya, ukutholwa kwezidakamizwa, ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kokudla kanye nomunye umsebenzi waselabhorethri, izitsha zokuqoqa isampula azizona kuphela iziqukathi zokugcina, kodwa futhi ziyizingxenye ezisebenzisana kakhulu zenqubo yokuhlaziya nethuluzi. Ikakhulukazi ku-chromatography ewuketshezi, i-chromatography yegesi kanye namanye amasu okuhlola anembe kakhulu, ukukhethwa kwezitsha kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokukhiqizwa kabusha nokunemba kokuhlaziywa kanye nokusebenza okuzinzile kwethuluzi.

1. Ukusetshenziswa kwezitsha ku-chromatography ewuketshezi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-chromatography yegesi

• Izitsha ze-HPLC: Ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali okuhle kakhulu kuyadingeka ukuze kuvinjwe isisombululo sesampula ekuphenduleni noma ekukhangiseni odongeni lwe-vial. Imvamisa kusetshenziswa izitsha zengilazi eziyisikulufu ezingu-2 ml ezine-PTFE/silicone gasket caps, ezimelana nezinyibilikisi eziphilayo futhi zigcina ukuvaleka okuqinile. Kumasampula azwelayo, amabhodlela ansundu ayatholakala.
• Izitsha ze-GC: njengoba ukuhlaziya kwe-GC kuncike kakhulu ekuguquguqukeni kwesampula, izitsha kufanele zivalwe ngokuqinile futhi ngokuvamile zenziwe ngezitsha zeglasi ezinezivalo zokucindezela; ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa kwezakhi eziguquguqukayo, ama-gaskets afakwe ngaphambili avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvala ngezigqoko ze-aluminium.
• Izicelo ezinamasampula amancane amavolumu: Ukuze kuhlolwe umthamo ophezulu kanye nokutholwa kwengxenye yokulandelela, ama-microvial angu-0.3 ml-0.5 ml angasetshenziswa ne-cannulae ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwesampula.

2. Usayizi wesistimu wokusampula okuzenzakalelayo kanye nezidingo zokuhambisana

Amalabhorethri esimanje ajwayele ukusebenzisa ama-autosampler ukuze athuthukise ukusebenza kahle nokuvumelana, futhi amazinga afanayo ayahlongozwa ukuze kucaciswe i-vial kanye nokuma:

• Ukucaciswa okujwayelekile: I-2ml standard caliber (OD 12mm * Ukuphakama 32mm) imodeli eyinhloko yokusabalalisa, ehambisana kakhulu nesistimu ye-autosampling yemikhiqizo eminingi.
• Izidingo zokubukeka kwebhodlela: umlomo webhodlela udinga ukuba flat, umzimba webhodlela udinga ukumelana nokungqubuzana komshini, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuzinza kwe-clamping yengalo yomshini.
• I-Specialized Tray Adaptation: Ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlelo zidinga ukwakheka okukhethekile okungaphansi (iphansi eliyisicaba, eliphansi eliyindilinga, noma elinemisele) ukuze livumelane nethreyi yevial.

3. Izinto ezikhethekile kanye nomklamo osebenzayo

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokuhlaziywa kwamasampula ayinkimbinkimbi, amalabhorethri avame ukusebenzisa izitsha eziklanywe ngokukhethekile:

• Ingilazi ye-borosilicate engasebenzi: Iwumsebenzi we-vial okhethwayo we-HPLC/GC ngenxa yokumelana namakhemikhali aphezulu nokuhlanzeka, ukugwema ukusabela noma ukukhangisa ngezingxenye zokulandelela kusampula.
• I-PTFE gasket cap: ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kwe-solvent, ukubhoboza okuphindaphindayo, kulungele ukusebenza kwenaliti ye-autosampling, ukugwema ukungcoliswa kwesampula nokuvuza.
• Ibhodlela lokwelapha i-Silanization: indawo engaphezulu iphathwa nge-coating ekhethekile ukuze kuncishiswe i-adsorption yama-molecule e-polar, evame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlaziyeni umkhondo.

Ngokukhetha izinto ezifanele, ukwakhiwa kanye nokucaciswa, izitsha ekuhlaziyweni kwamakhemikhali azithuthukisi nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kokutholwa nokuhambisana kwensimbi, kodwa futhi zifaka isandla ekuvumelaneni nasekuthembekeni kwedatha yesampula. Ikakhulukazi ekuhlaziyweni komkhondo kanye nezinqubo ezizenzakalelayo, ukumiswa okufanele kwezinhlelo ze-vial kube ngomunye wemininingwane ewumongo wokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuhlolwa.

Ukukhethwa Kwezitsha Ekuqoqweni Kwesampula Lezemvelo

Iqoqo lesampula lendawo lihlanganisa inhlobonhlobo yemidiya, efana namanzi, inhlabathi, nomkhathi, futhi amasampuli anezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi angase abe ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu (isb., ukugqwala okukhulu, ukuguquguquka okukhulu, ukulandelela ukungcola, njll.). Ukuze uqinisekise ukwethembeka kwedatha eqoqiwe futhi uhambisane nezidingo zokulawula, kubalulekile ukukhetha izitsha ezifanele zokuqoqwa kwesampula.

1. Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza

• Amasampula amanzi: Amanzi angaphezulu kwe-Baokou, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, njll., avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola izinsimbi ezisindayo, ukungcola kwemvelo. Usawoti womsoco, njll.
• Ukukhishwa komhlabathi: amasampula awuketshezi atholwe ngokukhipha amakhemikhali, aqukethe izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane, izinsimbi ezisindayo noma izinhlanganisela eziphilayo.
• I-Airborne particulate collection liquid: amasampula ezinhlayiyana asetshenziselwa ukukhipha kulwelwesi lwesihlungi noma uketshezi olumunca ibhamuza.

2. Izidingo ezibalulekile zokusampula izitsha

• Ukubekwa uphawu okuqinile: Gwema ukuguquguquka kwesampula, ukuvuza noma ukumuncwa komswakama ngesikhathi sokuthutha noma ukugcinwa, okubaluleke kakhulu ekutholweni kwe-VOC.
• Ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle: amasampula angase aqukathe ama-acids aqinile, ama-alkali noma ama-organic solvents, adinga ukusetshenziswa kwengilazi ephezulu ye-borosilicate noma amabhodlela enziwe ngamapulasitiki akhethekile.
• Idizayini engenzi lutho: Udonga lwangaphakathi lwebhodlela ludinga ukugwema ukungcola okukhangiswayo noma ukusabela ngezingxenye zesampula, futhi okunye ukuhlaziya kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwamabhodlela enziwe usilika noma awashwe ngaphambili.
• Ukuhambisana nemithetho yamasampula: Zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokuqapha indawo ezungezile zivame ukuqondiswa amazinga kazwelonke noma amazwe ngamazwe, njenge-US EPA, Amazinga Ekhwalithi Yemvelo YaseShayina Amanzi Angaphezulu, njll., futhi amabhodlela kufanele akhethwe ukuze ahlangabezane nezimfuneko zawo zokusampula.

Izitsha ezikhethwe ngokungafanele zingadala izinkinga ezinjengokonakaliswa kwezinto okuqondiwe kuzo, ukukhangiswa kwezinto ezingcolisayo, nezikhala ezichemile, ezingase zithinte ukunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa noma ziholele ngisho nasekwenzeni idatha. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha okungokwesayensi nokunengqondo kwezitsha zesampula ekuqaphelweni kwemvelo akuhlobene kuphela nekhwalithi yokuhlaziya, kodwa futhi kuhlobene nokuthobela kanye nokwenziwa kwezinqumo zezemvelo zesayensi.

Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha Ibhodlela: Ungakhetha Kanjani Ngokusekelwe Ohlotsheni Lwesampula Nezidingo Zokuhlaziya

Ukubhekana nezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezitsha zokuqoqa isampula, indlela yokwenza ukukhetha okuphumelelayo nokungokwesayensi emsebenzini ongokoqobo kuyinkinga evamile kwabahloli.

1. Izakhiwo zesampula zinquma ukukhetha kwesakhiwo kwempahla yokuqala

• Izici zesampula ngokwalo: Uma isampuli iguquguquka kakhulu, ibhodlela lengilazi elinekepisi elihle kakhulu lokuvala kanye ne-PTFE gasket lincanyelwa ukukhulisa ukulahleka kwezingxenye. Lapho ubhekene namasampula anamandla okugqwala, kufanele usebenzise amabhodlela engilazi e-borosilicate angazweli ngamakhemikhali, noma usebenzise i-polyethylene ephezulu kakhulu, amapulasitiki ane-fluorinated nezinye izinto ezikhethekile ezaziwa ngokuthi ibhodlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumasampula asebenza ngokwebhayoloji acebile ngama-nucleic acid, amaprotheni noma ama-microorganisms, izitsha ezingenazo ama-enzyme, ezilashwa nge-aseptically zidinga ukusetshenziswa, futhi i-adsorption ephansi noma izinto ezingenzi lutho ziyakhethwa ukuze kugwenywe ukucekelwa phansi kwesampula noma ukukhangisa okungaqondile.
• Uhlobo nokuhambisana kwemishini yokuhlaziya: Isistimu ye-autosampling esetshenzisiwe, idinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubukhulu be-vial esetshenzisiwe, ukunemba komlomo webhodlela, ukushuba kwe-gasket, njll. kuhambisana nokucaciswa okujwayelekile komkhiqizi wezinsimbi. Imvamisa, ibhodlela lengilazi elingu-screw-top elingu-2 ml elijwayelekile lisetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inaliti yomjovo ikhishwa kancane kancane futhi nokugwema ukuvaleka kwezinaliti noma ukuvuza. Ukuze uthole amasampula okwenziwa mathupha noma ukusabalalisa, uhlobo lwebhodlela oluguquguqukayo luyakhethwa.
• Izimo zokugcina isampula: Izimo zokugcina zesampula zithinta ngokuqondile ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nesakhiwo sokuvala se-vial. Izitsha eziningi zengilazi noma ze-polypropylene zanele amasampula ngokuvamile afakwa esiqandisini isikhathi esifushane. Uma amasampula edinga ukugcinwa kuzinga lokushisa eliphansi (-20℃ noma -80℃), kufanele kusetshenziswe amashubhu okuqandisa akhethekile, enziwe nge-PP ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi futhi ahlonyiswe ngesakhiwo sokuvala ukuvuza kwe-O-ring. Uma amasampula egcinwe ku-nitrogen ewuketshezi isikhathi eside, kufanele kusetshenziswe izitsha ezikhethekile zezinga lenitrogen eliwuketshezi, futhi amakepisi anemicu yangaphakathi noma amakepisi azoqiniswa ukuze avale kufanele asetshenziselwe ukuvimbela ukuqhwa nokuqhuma kwezitsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezintweni ezizwelayo izithombe, izitsha ezinsundu noma ezi-opaque kufanele nazo zisetshenziswe noma zifakwe izinto zokugcina izinto ezivikela ukukhanya.
• Ibhalansi yezindleko nosayizi wokuhlola: Ngokuhlolwa komkhiqizo ophezulu noma amalabhorethri okufundisa, izitsha zepulasitiki ezithengekayo zingakhethwa ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zokusebenzisa. Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya okunembayo noma ukuphatha isampula lenani eliphezulu, ukugxila kufanele kugxile ekuhlanzekeni kwebhodlela, ukungabi nalutho kwempahla, nokusebenza kokuvala, okungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwedatha ngisho nangezindleko eziphakeme kancane. Ukwengeza, lapho wakha amasampula emitapo yolwazi noma uphatha amaphrojekthi esikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukubeka phambili izitsha ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezinebhakhodi, ezingamelana nesiqandisi, futhi zimelana nokungcoliswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulandelwa kwesampula kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuphathwa kwedatha.

Sekuhlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​isampula lebhodlela, nakuba lincane, liyisixhumanisi esibalulekile phakathi komklamo wokuhlola, ikhwalithi yesampula kanye nemiphumela yokuhlaziya. Ngokucutshungulwa okuhlelekile kwezici zesampula, okokusebenza kokuhlola, izindlela zokugcina nosayizi wesabelomali, umthombo wokushisa wokuhlola ungakhetha ngokwesayensi ibhodlela lesampula elifaneleka kakhulu, ubeke isisekelo esiqinile sayo yonke inqubo yocwaningo.

Amathrendi Azayo Nezikhombisi-ndlela Ezintsha

Ngokuthuthukiswa kokuzenzakalela kocwaningo lwesayensi kanye nomqondo wokuhlola oluhlaza, izitsha zokuqoqwa kwesampula ziyathuthuka ukuze zihambisane nokuvikelwa okuhlekisayo nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amalabhorethri aphezulu anezidingo ezikhulayo zejubane lokucubungula isampula kanye nokuminyana, okwenza izitsha ziqhubekele kancane kancane zibheke ku-miniaturization kanye ne-modularization. Izitsha zosayizi omncane ziya ngokuya zisetshenziswa, futhi uma zisetshenziswa nezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo, azigcini nje ngokulondoloza isikhala nezinto ezivuselelayo, kodwa futhi zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, zijwayelane nesidingo sokuhlolwa kwesimanje sejubane nokunemba.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezithinta imvelo nakho sekugxilwe embonini. Ukuze kwehliswe umthwalo wemvelo obangelwa amapulasitiki alahlwayo, amabhodlela amaningi kakhulu athatha izinto ezibolayo noma ezisekelwe ku-bio. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inqubo yokupakisha nokukhiqiza ivame ukuba lula futhi ibe luhlaza, ngokuhambisana nenkambiso yokwakhiwa kwelabhorethri esimeme.

Esikhathini esizayo, izitsha ngeke zibe izinto ezidliwayo kuphela, kodwa futhi zibe yingxenye ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa okuhlakaniphile nokusimeme kwama-laboratories.