Isingeniso

Ama-vial e-scintillation ayizinto ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswayo ekubaleni i-liquid scintillation, ikakhulukazi asetshenziselwa ukulinganisa umsebenzi wama-radioisotopes. Umgomo osebenzayo ukubeka uketshezi lwe-scintillation oluqukethe amasampula e-radioactive kuma-vial e-scintillation, futhi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlayiya ze-radioactive kanye noketshezi lwe-scintillation kukhiqiza i-fluorescence, etholakala ngamashubhu e-photomultiplier ukuze kuhlaziywe ngobuningi ubukhali be-radioactivity.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha ama-vial e-scintillation kubalulekile futhi kuthinta ngqo ukunemba nokuthembeka kwemiphumela yokuhlola. Izinto ezahlukene zinezakhiwo ezahlukene ze-physicochemical, njengokungangeni kwamakhemikhali, ukucaca, ukumelana nokushisa, inani langemuva, njll. Lezi zakhiwo zizothinta ukuzinza kwesampula, ukusebenza kahle kokuthola, ukuphepha kokusebenza kanye nezindleko zokuhlola. Ngakho-ke,Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zamabhodlela okucwebezela ngokwezidingo ezithile zokuhlola kanye nezici zesampula kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuthola imiphumela yokuhlola enembile nethembekile.

Amabhodlela Okushisa Ngengilazi

Ama-vial e-glass scintillation athatha indawo ebalulekile emkhakheni wokubala i-liquid scintillation ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo okuhle kakhulu. Izinzuzo zawo zibonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

1. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwamakhemikhali: ingilazi iyakwazi ukumelana nokuguguleka kwezinyibilikisi eziningi eziphilayo, ama-asidi, ama-alkali namanye amakhemikhali, futhi akulula ukusabela ngamasampula, okuqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukuzinza kwamasampula kanye nokunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlola. Isibonelo, lapho kulinganiswa amasampula anemisebe endaweni enamandla ene-asidi noma i-alkaline, amabhodlela engilazi angahlala eqinile, kuyilapho amabhodlela epulasitiki engase ancibilike noma aguquguquke, okuthinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

2. Ukucaca Okuphezulu: Ingilazi ikhanya kakhulu futhi ingakhulisa ukudluliswa kwe-fluorescence okukhiqizwa yisisombululo se-scintillation, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuthola kwe-photomultiplier, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kobuchwepheshe okuphezulu kanye nemiphumela yokulinganisa enembe kakhudlwana.

3. Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu: amabhodlela engilazi ayakwazi ukumelana nokwelashwa kokubulala amagciwane okushisa okuphezulu, njengokubulala amagciwane ngomusi okuhle, okufanelekela ukukhuliswa kwamaseli, ukuhlolwa kwamagciwane kanye nezinye izivivinyo ezidinga indawo eqinile yokungabulali amagciwane.

4. Ukubala okungabizi kakhulu: Izinto zengilazi ngokwazo zine-radioactivity ephansi kakhulu, enganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka kwangemuva futhi ithuthukise ukuzwela nokunemba kokulinganisa, okufanelekela kakhulu ukutholakala kwamasampula e-radioactivity aphansi.

Kodwa-ke, kunezinkinga ezithile ngamabhodlela engilazi acwebezelayo:

1. Ubuthakathaka: Izinto zengilazi ziyaphuka futhi zivame ukuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kunengozi yokuphepha yokuklwebha abasebenzi noma ukungcolisa imvelo, okudinga ukusetshenziswa ngokucophelela.

2. Inzima kakhulu: Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhodlela epulasitiki, amabhodlela engilazi anesisindo esikhulu, okwandisa izindleko zokuhamba nokugcina.

3. Intengo ephezulu: ngenxa yezici ezifana nenqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa, intengo yamabhodlela engilazi acwebezelayo ivame ukuba phezulu kunephakheji eyenziwe ngezinye izinto ezifana nepulasitiki.

Sekukonke, amabhodlela engilazi okushisa anezinzuzo ezingenakuphindwa emkhakheni wokubala uketshezi ngenxa yokungangeni kahle kwamakhemikhali, ukucaca okuphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokubala okuphansi kwangemuva, okulungele kakhulu ukulinganisa ngokunemba okuphezulu, izindawo ezinamandla ze-asidi kanye ne-alkali, ukuhlanza izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nezidingo zokubala okuphansi kwangemuva yizo izivivinyo. Kodwa-ke, ukubi kobuthakathaka, ubunzima kanye nentengo ephezulu kudingeka kucatshangelwe ekukhetheni.

Amabhodlela epulasitiki okukhanyisa

Ama-vial epulasitiki acwebezelayo asetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokubala uketshezi ngenxa yokukhanya kwawo, ukuqina kwawo kanye nokungabizi kakhulu. Izinzuzo zawo zibonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

1. Akulula ukuphula: izinto zepulasitiki ziqinile kahle, zingamelana nokushayisana okuthile kanye nengcindezi, akulula ukuqhekeka, zisebenza ngokuphephile futhi kulula kakhulu, zinciphisa ingozi yokuphuka kanye nezingozi zokuphepha.

2. Isisindo esincane: uma kuqhathaniswa namabhodlela engilazi, amabhodlela epulasitiki anesisindo esilula, kulula ukuwathutha nokuwagcina, okunciphisa izindleko zezokuthutha kanye nokuhlala endaweni yelabhorethri.

3. Intengo ephansi: izindleko zezinto zepulasitiki ziphansi, inqubo yokukhiqiza ilula kakhulu, ngakho-ke intengo yamabhodlela epulasitiki acwebezelayo ivame ukuba nenzuzo kakhulu kunamabhodlela engilazi, okunganciphisa izindleko zokuhlola.

4. Ukwakheka kwepulasitiki: izinto zepulasitiki kulula ukuzicubungula nokuzibumba, zingenziwa ngokwezidingo zokuhlola zezimo ezahlukene, imininingwane kanye nemibala yamabhodlela e-scintillation, njengamabhodlela ayindilinga, amabhodlela asikwele, amabhodlela ansundu, njll., ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezikhethekile zokuhlola.

Kodwa-ke, amabhodlela epulasitiki acwebezelayo nawo anemikhawulo ethile:

1. Akunamakhemikhali amaningi: Ezinye izinyibilikisi eziphilayo, njenge-toluene ne-xylene, zingabangela ukuthi ipulasitiki incibilike noma iguquguquke, okuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokuthola kwamashubhu e-photomultiplier ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukusebenza kahle kokubala kanye nokunemba kokulinganisa.

2. Ukucaca okuphansi: ukucaca okuphansi kwepulasitiki uma kuqhathaniswa nengilazi kunganciphisa ukudluliselwa kwe-fluorescence okukhiqizwa uketshezi lwe-scintillation, okuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokuthola kwamashubhu e-photomultiplier ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukusebenza kahle kokubala kanye nokunemba kokulinganisa.

3. Ayimelani nokushisa okuphezuluIzinto eziningi zepulasitiki azimelani nokushisa okuphezulu, futhi ukwelashwa nge-autoclave kungaholela ekuguqukeni kwamabhodlela epulasitiki noma ekukhishweni kwamakhemikhali, okuthinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa kanye nempilo yabahloli.

4. Inani eliphezulu lesizinda: Ingemuva elinomsakazo wezinto zepulasitiki livame ukuba phezulu kunelengilazi, okungase kwandise ukuphazamiseka kwangemuva futhi kunciphise ukuzwela nokunemba kokulinganisa, futhi akufanelekile ukuthola amasampula anomsakazo aphansi.

Ekuphetheni, amabhodlela epulasitiki acwebezelayo anezindlela eziningi zokusetshenziswa ekulinganisweni okuvamile, okungabizi kakhulu kanye nokuhlolwa okudinga ukuphepha okuphezulu kokusebenza ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo zokungaphuki, okulula, okungabizi kakhulu futhi okuguquguqukayo. Kodwa-ke, izinkinga zawo njengokungangeni kahle kwamakhemikhali, ukucaca okuphansi, ukungabekezeleli izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nenani eliphezulu langemuva kudingeka kucatshangelwe lapho uwakhetha ukuze kugwenywe ukuthinta ukunemba nokuthembeka kwemiphumela yokuhlola.

Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha Izinto

Ukukhetha ibhodlela elifanele lokucwebezela kudinga inhlanganisela yalezi zinto ezilandelayo:

Izakhiwo Zesampula

1. Izinhlobo zezinyibilikisi: Izinyibilikisi ezahlukene zinezidingo ezahlukene zokuqina kwamakhemikhali kwezinto. Isibonelo, izinyibilikisi eziphilayo ezifana ne-toluene ne-xylene zingancibilikisa amapulasitiki athile, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukukhetha ibhodlela lengilazi elingasebenzisi amakhemikhali amaningi.

2. I-asidi ne-alkali: indawo enamandla ye-asidi ne-alkali izogqwala ezinye izinto, udinga ukukhetha ukusebenza okungcono kwe-asidi ne-alkali yebhodlela lengilazi.

3. Ukuqina kwemisebe: Amasampula emisebe aphansi adinga ukukhetha amabhodlela engilazi anezibalo eziphansi zangemuva ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka kwangemuva futhi kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kokulinganisa.

Izidingo Zokuhlola

1. Ukunemba kokuthola: Ukulinganisa okunembe kakhulu kudinga ukukhethwa kwamabhodlela engilazi anokukhanya okuphezulu kanye nokubalwa okuphansi kwangemuva ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokutholwa kanye nokunemba kokulinganisa.

2. Izidingo zokuzala: izivivinyo ezidinga ukubulala amagciwane okushisa okuphezulu zidinga ukukhethwa kwamabhodlela engilazi amelana nokushisa okuphezulu.

3. Ukuphepha kokusebenza: izivivinyo zokushayisana ngesikhathi sokusebenza ukuze kuthuthukiswe ingozi yokuphepha kokusebenza kudingeka zikhethe amabhodlela epulasitiki angaphuki ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kokusebenza.

Isabelomali Sezindleko

1. Izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayoAmabhodlela engilazi avame ukubiza kakhulu kunamabhodlela epulasitiki.

2. Izindleko zokuhamba nezokugcina: amabhodlela engilazi anesisindo esikhulu futhi abiza kakhulu ukuwathutha nokuwagcina.

Izinketho Ezinconyiwe

1. Amabhodlela engilazi afanelekela izivivinyo ezidinga ukulinganiswa okunembile okuphezulu, izindawo ezinamandla ze-asidi ne-alkali, ukuhlanza izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kanye nokubalwa okuphansi kwangemuva.

2. Amabhodlela epulasitiki afanelekela ukulinganisa okuvamile, ukuhlolwa okubiza kakhulu, kanye nokuhlolwa okudinga ukuphepha okuphezulu kokusebenza.

Ukukhetha kokugcina kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwama-vial e-scintillation kudinga ukukalwa ngokuhambisana nezidingo ezithile zokuhlola kanye nezici zesampula. Kunconywa ukuthi uthintane nochwepheshe noma wenze ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokukhetha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukhetha izinto ezifanele kakhulu futhi uthole imiphumela yokuhlola enembile nethembekile.

Isiphetho

Ama-vial e-scintillation enziwe ngengilazi nepulasitiki ayizinto ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswayo kubuchwepheshe bokubala i-scintillation yoketshezi futhi ngalinye linezinzuzo nemikhawulo ehlukile. Ama-vial engilazi avelele ekuhlolweni okudinga ukulinganiswa okuphezulu, izindawo ezinamandla ze-acidic ne-alkaline, i-autoclaving kanye nokubalwa okuphansi kwangemuva ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwamakhemikhali, ukucaca okuphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokubalwa okuphansi kwangemuva. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhodlela epulasitiki, ngezinzuzo zawo zokungaphuki, ukungabi lula, okungabizi futhi okuguquguqukayo, anendawo ekulinganisweni okuvamile, okungabizi kakhulu kanye nokuhlolwa okudinga ukuphepha okuphezulu kokusebenza.

Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zamabhodlela okushisisa akuwona umsebenzi olula futhi kudinga inhlanganisela yezici ezifana nohlobo lwesampula, izidingo zokuhlola kanye nesabelomali sezindleko. Isibonelo, ngokulinganisa okunembe kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamandla ze-asidi ne-alkali, amabhodlela engilazi ngokungangabazeki ayisinqumo esingcono, kuyilapho ngokulinganisa okuvamile kanye nokuhlola okubucayi, amabhodlela epulasitiki angcono kakhulu.

Ukukhetha nokusetshenziswa kahle kwamabhodlela okukhipha i-scintillation kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekutholeni imiphumela enembile nethembekile. Abahloli kufanele bahlole ngokucophelela izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwezinto ezahlukene ngokwezidingo zabo zokuhlola, bakhethe amabhodlela okukhipha i-scintillation afaneleka kakhulu, futhi bawasebenzise ngokuhambisana nezinqubo zokusebenza, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuthembeka kwedatha yokuhlola, futhi banikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile kocwaningo lwesayensi-mbumbulu.