Isingeniso

Emalabhorethri esimanje ezokwelapha kanye namakhemikhali,Amashubhu okukhulisa alahlwayo asetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhuliseni amaseli, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, ukulondolozwa kwamasampula kanye neminye imisebenzi ebalulekile.Ukubaluleka kwazo enkambisweni yokuhlola akunakunganakwa. Njengoba la mashubhu okukhulisa ethintana ngqo namasampula okuhlola, izinto zawo, usayizi, ukuvalwa kwawo ngisho noma ehlanjululwe noma cha kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu emiphumeleni yokuhlola. Ukukhetha okungalungile kungaholela ekungcoleni okuphambene, ukulahlekelwa yisampula noma ukubandlulula kwedatha yokuhlola, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukunemba kanye nokuphindaphindeka kocwaningo.

Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Zamapayipi Okulima Alahlwayo

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamapayipi okukhulisa alahlwayo, futhi abacwaningi kudingeka bakhethe uhlobo olufanele ngokwenhloso yokuhlolwa, indawo yokusebenza kanye nezici zamasampula. Ahlukaniswe ngezici ezintathu ezilandelayo: izinto zokwakha, umthamo kanye nomsebenzi okhethekile:

1. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo

Amashubhu okukhulisa alahlwayo enziwe ngezinto ezahlukene ahluke ngokumelana nokushisa, ukuqina kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zokukhanya:

• I-Polypropylene: Ukumelana okuhle nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali, kufanelekile ekukhuleni kwamaseli okuvamile, izivivinyo zebhayoloji yama-molecule kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
• I-Polystyrene: ukucaca okuphezulu, kulula ukukubona isimo soketshezi kanye neseli, okuvame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kokukhanya, kodwa hhayi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ngokuvamile akukwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukuvala i-autoclaving.
• Amashubhu okukhulisa ingilaziNakuba zingasetshenziswa kabusha futhi zizinzile ngamakhemikhali, ziyabiza, zidinga izinqubo ezengeziwe zokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane, futhi zibeka ingozi engaba khona yokungcola okuxubile.

2. Ukuhlukaniswa ngomthamo

Kuye ngomthamo wesampula odingekayo kulolu cwaningo, umthamo wamashubhu okukhuliswa usukela kumthamo omncane kuya omkhulu:

• Amashubhu e-Microcentrifuge: evame ukusetshenziswa ekukhipheni amasampula, ekuniseni nge-centrifugal, ekukhipheni i-DNA/RNA kanye neminye imisebenzi.
• Amashubhu ajwayelekile okulima: umthamo osetshenziswa kakhulu elabhorethri, ofanelekela ukukhuliswa kwamaseli, ukuxuba ukusabela, ukulondolozwa kwamasampula kanye nezinye izinjongo.
• Amashubhu amakhulu okukhulisa: ifanele ukukhuliswa kwamaseli amakhulu noma ukucutshungulwa kwesisombululo esiningi.

3. Ukuhlukaniswa ngemisebenzi ekhethekile

Amashubhu ayatholakala ngezici ezahlukahlukene ezengeziwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zokuhlola:

• Amapayipi Aseptic Angaphambi Kokuhlanzwa: ifektri ihlanjululwe ngemisebe ye-gamma noma i-autoclaving, ifanelekela ukuhlolwa okunezidingo eziphezulu ze-aseptic.
• Ngesivalo sekhatriji: ivumela ukushintshaniswa kwegesi, okufanelekela ama-microorganism noma imigqa yamaseli edinga umoya futhi ivimbela ukungcola okuvela emithonjeni yangaphandle.
• Amapayipi Amelana Nokushisa Okuphansi: ingasetshenziswa ngokuphephile endaweni ene-nitrogen engamanzi engu--80℃ noma ngisho nasendaweni ene-nitrogen ewuketshezi, efanelekile ukulondolozwa kwamasampula ebhayoloji isikhathi eside ekushiseni okuphansi.
• Amashubhu athweswe iziqu/angathweswanga iziquAmashubhu aqediwe alungele ukukala ngokushesha nokukhipha umthamo woketshezi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuhlolwa.

Izici Ezibalulekile Ekukhetheni Amapayipi Okulima

Enkambisweni yokuklama nokusebenza kokuhlola, ukukhethwa kwamapayipi okukhulisa alahlwayo afanele kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlola kanye nokunemba kwemiphumela. Abacwaningi kufanele bacabangele ngokuphelele izici eziningana ezibalulekile:

1. Uhlobo lokuhlola

Izidingo zamapayipi okukhulisa ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kusukela ekuhlolweni kuya ekuhlolweni futhi kufanele zikhethwe ngokuya ngokuqukethwe kokusebenza kanye nendawo yokuhlola:

• Ukuze kuthuthukiswe isiko lamaseli: izidingo zokungabi namagciwane ziphakeme kakhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamashubhu ahlanzekile angaphambi kokuhlanza anezivalo zekhatriji eziphefumulayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukushintshaniswa kwegesi kuyanconywa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR / i-molecular biology: kudingeka ukuthi zingabi nama-enzyme e-DNA, ama-enzyme e-RNA kanye namapayipi angena-pyrogen, zivame ukusebenzisa amapayipi e-polypropylene ahlanzekile.
• Isitoreji sokushisa okuphansiAmapayipi anokumelana okuhle nokushisa okuphansi kufanele asetshenziswe ukugwema ukubola emazingeni okushisa aphansi.

2. Izici zesampula

Izakhiwo ze-physicochemical zesampula zithinta ngqo ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha kanye nokucushwa kokusebenza kwamapayipi okukhuliswa:

• Amasampula oketshezi noma aqinile: inquma ivolumu edingekayo kanye nesimo se-tube orifice.
• Amasampula e-asidi noma e-alkaline: amasampula agqwala kakhulu adinga izinto ezingamelani namakhemikhali ukuze kugwenywe ukuguquka noma ukungcola kwamashubhu.
• Ukuthi kufanele kugwenywe yini ukukhanya: amasampula azwela ukukhanya kufanele akhethe ishubhu yokukhulisa izinto ezinombala ophuzi noma okhanyayo, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubola kwesithombe.

3. Izidingo zokubulala inzalo

Isidingo sokubulala inzalo kanye nohlobo lokubulala inzalo olusetshenziswayo yizinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele ekukhetheni amapayipi:

• Ukuhlanza ngaphambi kokubulala inzalo vs. ukuzihlanza ngokwakho: imikhiqizo ehlanjululwe kusengaphambili efektri ifanelekela izivivinyo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, okusindisa isikhathi; uma ilabhorethri inemishini yokuhlanza i-autoclave, ungakhetha ipayipi le-PP elingahlanjululwa nge-autoclave.
• Ukuhambisana kokubulala inzaloIsibonelo, izinto ze-PS azifaneleki ukubopha ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi zisetshenziselwa kanye kuphela.

4. Ukuhambisana

Amapayipi kufanele avumelane kahle nemishini yelabhorethri ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nemiphumela ethembekile:

• Ukuhambisana kwe-CentrifugalAmapayipi asetshenziselwa i-centrifugation kudingeka abe namandla ngokwesakhiwo ukuze amelane namandla e-centrifugal ngesivinini esikhulu sokujikeleza.
• Ukuhambisana kokuzenzakalela: Ezivivinyweni ezidinga ukusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi okufaka amapayipi, izinhlelo zokusabalalisa ezenzakalelayo, njll., osayizi bamashubhu ajwayelekile kumele basetshenziswe.

5. Izindleko kanye nokusimama

Ukulawula izindleko ngendlela efanele kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza nakho kuyinto ebalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zokuhlola:

• Ilahlwayo uma iqhathaniswa nengasetshenziswa kabusha: amashubhu alahlwayo kulula ukuwaphatha futhi agweme ukungcola, afanelekela izivivinyo ezisebenzisa amandla amaningi; amashubhu engilazi angasetshenziswa kabusha afanelekela izivivinyo eziyisisekelo ngesabelomali esincane.
• Isikali sokuthenga: ukuthengwa ngobuningi obukhulu kunganciphisa intengo yeyunithi, efanelekile kumaphrojekthi amakhulu esikhathi eside; imininingwane emincane, eyenziwe ngokwezifiso iguquguquka kakhulu kodwa ibiza kakhulu.

Izincomo Zezimo Ezivamile Zokusebenza

Ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlola, amashubhu okukhulisa alahlwayo alandelayo ayanconywa ezimweni eziningana zokusetshenziswa ezivamile, okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kokuhlola:

1. Ukutshalwa kwamaseli

• Uhlobo olunconyiwe: amashubhu okukhulisa i-polypropylene angenasici anezivalo zekhatriji eziphefumulayo
• Isizathu: Izinto ze-polypropylene zinokungangeni kahle kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo, ezifanelekela uketshezi lokukhulisa amaseli. Isembozo sekhatriji singaletha ukushintshaniswa kwegesi okuphumelelayo, sivimbele ukungcoliswa kwamagciwane, futhi sihlangabezane nendawo yegesi edingekayo ukuze amaseli akhule.

2. Ukuqashelwa kwama-molecule e-PCR/qPCR

• Izinhlobo ezinconyiwe: amashubhu e-PCR akhethekile angenazo i-nuclease, angenayo i-pyrogen noma amashubhu e-microcentrifuge
• Isizathu: Amashubhu e-polypropylene acwengekile kakhulu, ngemva kokwelashwa okuqinile, angagwema ngempumelelo ukuwohloka noma ukungcola kwesampula, ukuqinisekisa imiphumela yokukhulisa enembile nethembekile. Kunconywa ukwakheka kodonga oluncane ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa.

3. Isitoreji sokushisa okuphansi

• Uhlobo Olunconyiwe: Ipayipi le-Polypropylene Elimelana Nokushisa Okuphansi Elinomklamo Wokuqhekeka Okungaqandisi kanye Nesivalo Sokuvala Isikulufa
• Isizathu: Lawa mashubhu angasetshenziswa ukugcina amasampula isikhathi eside ku--80°C noma ngisho naku-nitrogen ewuketshezi, futhi isakhiwo esikhethekile sivimbela ishubhu ekuqhekekeni okuqhekekayo kanye nokuvuza kwesampula. Ifanelekela ukugcinwa kwesikhathi eside kwemigqa yamaseli, amasampula egazi, amaprotheni noma ama-nucleic acid.

4. I-Centrifuge

• Izinhlobo ezinconyiwe: amashubhu e-polypropylene abekezelela kakhulu, umklamo ongezansi oyindilinga noma oyindilinga, anama-rotor e-centrifuge
• Isizathu: Amashubhu e-PP anokumelana okuhle kwe-centrifugal futhi angamelana namandla aphezulu e-centrifugal ngaphandle kokuguquka noma ukuqhekeka. Iphansi eliyindilinga lisiza ukuqoqa amaseli noma ukukhukhuleka phakathi nendawo futhi kwandise izinga lokululama.

Amaphutha Avamile Nezindlela Zokuwagwema

Empeleni, ukwehluleka kokuhlola ngenxa yokukhethwa okungafanele kwamapayipi okukhulisa kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Amaphutha amaningana avamile kanye neziphakamiso ezifanayo zezixazululo zibhalwe ngezansi ukuze abacwaningi babhekisele kuzo:

1. Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezinto ezingamelani nokushisa okuphezulu ekuzibophezeleni