Le ndatshana izogxila kuma-scintillation vers, ihlola izinto zokwakha kanye nokuklama, ukusetshenziswa kanye nezicelo, umthelela wezemvelo kanye nokusimama, ubuchwepheshe obusha, ukuphepha kwamabhodlela we-scintillation. Ngokuhlola lezi zingqikithi, sizothola ukuqonda okujulile kokubaluleka kocwaningo lwesayensi kanye nomsebenzi welebhu, futhi kuhlole izinkomba nezinselelo zesikhathi esizayo zentuthuko.

Ⅰ. Ukukhetha kwezinto ezibonakalayo

• PolyethyleneVS. Ingilazi: Izinzuzo kanye nokuqhathaniswa nobunzima

 ▶Polyethylene

Imbuyiselo 

1. Engasindi futhi ayiphulwa kalula, ilungele izinto zokuhamba nokusingathwa.

2. Izindleko eziphansi, kulula ukukala ukukhiqizwa.

3. Ukungena kwamakhemikhali okuhle, ngeke kusabele ngamakhemikhali amaningi.

I-4. Ingasetshenziselwa amasampula nge-radioactivity ephansi.

Isikhinyabezi

1. Izinto ze-polyethylene zingadala ukuphazanyiswa kwangemuva ngama-isotopes athile anemisebe

2.I-Opacity ephezulu yenza kube nzima ukuqapha isampula yesampula.

▶

         Imbuyiselo

1. Ukusobala okuhle kokubuka okulula kwamasampula

2. Ukuhambisana okuhle nama-isotopes amaningi anemisebe

3. Ukwenza kahle kumasampula anomsakazo ophakeme futhi akuphazamisi imiphumela yokulinganisa.

Isikhinyabezi

1. Ingilazi ibuthaka futhi idinga ukuphatha ngokucophelela nokugcinwa.

2. Izindleko zezinto zokwenziwa kwengilazi ziphakeme kakhulu futhi azilungele amabhizinisi amancaneDlulela ngezinga elikhulu.

3

• -Ngaba namandlaAama-puplication weOtherMama-aterials

▶ Ipulasitiki ▶Cama-esposites

Ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo zama-polymers kanye nezinye izinto zokuqinisa (ezifana ne-fiberglass), zinokuphamba kanye nokuqina okuthile nokuthula.

Izinto zokwakha ze-biodegradable

Kwamasampula noma izimo ezithile ezilahlwayo, izinto ze-biodegreatable zingabhekwa njengokunciphisa umthelela omubi emvelweni.

▶ PolymericMama-aterials

Khetha izinto ezifanele ze-polymer ezifana ne-polypropylene, i-polyester, njll. Ngokokusebenzisa okuthile kudinga ukufeza izidingo ezihlukile zokumelana namakhemikhali kanye nokuqina.

Kubalulekile ukuklama nokukhiqiza amabhodlela e-scintillation asebenza kahle kakhulu nokuthembela ngokuphepha ngokubheka kahle izinzuzo kanye nezidingo zezinto ezihlukile zohlelo lokusebenza, ukuze ukhethe izinto ezifanele zokufakelwa kwesampula noma kwezinye izimo .

Ⅱ. Izici Zokwakhiwa

• UkuhlalisaPisivikelo

(1)Amandla okusebenza uphawu kubalulekile ngokunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlola. Ibhodlela le-Scintillation kumele likwazi ukuvikela ngempumelelo ukuvuza kwezinto ezinemisebe noma ukungena kwangaphandle kokungcoliswa kwangaphandle kwisampula ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela yokulinganisa enembile.

(2)Ithonya lokukhethwa ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo ekusebenzeni uphawu uphawu.Amabhodlela e-Scintillation eyenziwe ngezinto ze-polyethylene zivame ukuba nokusebenza kahle kokubekwa uphawu, kepha kungaphazamiseka kwangemuva kwamasampula aphezulu omsakazo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amabhodlela e-scintillation ezenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa kwengilazi anganikeza kangcono ukubekwa uphawu kokubekwa uphawu kanye nokungena kwamakhemikhali, okwenza balungele amasampula aphezulu omsakazo.

(3)Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwakha uphawu kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuvalwa uphawu. Ngaphezu kokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ubuchwepheshe bokubekwa uphawu buye buyinto ebalulekile ethinta ukusebenza kokubekwa uphawu. Izindlela ezivamile zokubopha zifaka ukungeza ama-gaskets enjoloba ngaphakathi kwe-cap yebhodlela, usebenzisa izigqoko zokubopha zepulasitiki, njll. Indlela efanelekile yokubopha ingakhethwa ngokuya ngezidingo zokuhlola.

• Le khasiInflounce yeSYebo futhiSi-hapeSI-CININILLAGEBOttsles onPlulwaneAUkuxhumana

(1)Ukukhetha usayizi kuhlobene nosayizi wesampula ebhodleleni le-scintillation.Ubukhulu noma umthamo webhodlela le-scintillation kufanele bunqunywe ngokususelwa kunani lesampula elinganikekwa kulolo cwaningo. Okokuhlola ngosayizi abancane besampula, ukukhetha umthamo omncane we-scintillation ibhodlela ungagcina izindleko ezisebenzayo nesampula, futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuhlola.

(2)Ithonya lesimo sokuxuba nokuchithwa.Umehluko ngesimo naphansi kwebhodlela le-scintillation nakho kungathinta nemiphumela yokuxuba nokuchithwa phakathi kwamasampula ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlola. Isibonelo, ibhodlela eliphansi eliyindilinga lingahle lilungele ukuxubeka kokuxazulula e-Oscillator, kuyilapho ibhodlela eliphansi eliphansi lilungele ukwehlukaniswa kwemvula ku-centrifuge.

(3)Izicelo ezikhethekile ezenziwe. Amabhodlela athile akhethekile we-scintillation, njengemiklamo engezansi enemiklamo noma imiklamo, ingakhulisa indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwesampula noketshezi lwe-scintillation futhi athuthukise ukuzwela kokulinganisa.

Ngokuklama ukusebenza kokubekwa uphawu, usayizi, ukwakheka kanye nevolumu yebhodlela le-scintillation ngokufanele, izidingo zokuhlola zingahlangatshezwa ngezinga elikhulu, ziqinisekisa ukunemba nokwethenjwa kwemiphumela yokuhlola.

Ⅲ. Inhloso nesicelo

•  SikhampathiRtha

▶ RadioisotopeMukucubuzwa

(1)Ucwaningo Lomuthi weNyukliya: Amaflashs we-Scintillation asetshenziswa kabanzi ukukala ukusatshalaliswa kanye ne-metabolism yama-isotopes anemisebe ezintweni eziphilayo, njengokusatshalaliswa kanye nokufakwa kwezidakamizwa ezihlanjululwe. Izinqubo ze-metabolism nezinqubo ze-excretion. Lezi zilinganiso zibaluleke kakhulu ekutholakaleni kwezifo, ukutholwa kwezinqubo zokwelashwa, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa ezintsha.

(2)Ukucwaninga Kwamakhemikhali Enuzi: Ezihlokweni ze-Nuclear Chemistry, amaflasks we-Scintillation asetshenziselwa ukukala umsebenzi kanye nokuqoqwa kwama-isotopea anemisebe, ukuze ufunde izakhiwo zamakhemikhali zezinto ezibonakalayo, ama-kinetics okusabela kwenuzi, kanye nezinqubo zokubola ezinemisebe. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngokuqonda izakhiwo kanye nezinguquko zezinto zokwakha zenuzi.

▶DUkuhlolwa kwesifungo

(1)Isidaka mizwaMisibubiRtha: Amaflathi we-Scintillation asetshenziselwa ukuhlola i-metabolic kinetics kanye nokusebenzisana kwamaprotheni wezidakamizwa zezinhlanganisela ezintweni eziphilayo. Lokhu kuyasiza

Ukuhlola amakhompiyutha angaba nayo kwezidakamizwa, yenza kahle design design, futhi uhlole izakhiwo ze-pharmacokinetic zezidakamizwa.

(2)Isidaka mizwaAukucwetshwaEisikali sento ethize ngokwemali: Amabhodlela e-Scintillation nawo asetshenziselwa ukuhlola umsebenzi webhayoloji kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezidakamizwa, ngokwesibonelo, ngokulinganisa i-BETWEE ebophayoIzidakamizwa ze-radiolabeled kanye nama-molecule okuhlosiwe ukuhlola i-anti-tumor noma umsebenzi wokulwa nezidakamizwa.

▶ Isicelo ▶Cases as des DNASukulinganisa

(1)Ubuchwepheshe be-radiolabeling: Ku-biology yama-molecular kanye nocwaningo lwe-genemics, amabhodlela e-scintillation asetshenziselwa ukukala i-DNA noma amasampula we-RNA abhalwe ngama-isotopes anemisebe. Lobu buchwepheshe belebuli be-radioactictive busetshenziswa kabanzi ekulandeleni kwe-DNA, i-rna hybridization, ukusebenzisana kwama-protein-nucleic acid, nokuhlinzeka ngamathuluzi abalulekile wokuhlolwa kwe-gene function ucwaningo kanye nokuxilongwa kwezifo.

(2)Ubuchwepheshe be-nucleic acid hybridization: Amabhodlela e-Scintillation nawo asetshenziselwa ukukala amasignali anemisebe ekuphendukeni kwe-nucleic acid hybridization. Ubuchwepheshe obuningi obuhlobene nabo busetshenziselwa ukuthola ukulandelana okuthile kwe-DNA noma i-RNA, okunika amandla ukucwaninga okuhlobene ne-genomics kanye nocwaningo lwe-traphscriptmics.

Ngokusebenzisa application egcwele amabhodlela we-scintillation ocwaningweni lwesayensi, lo mkhiqizo uhlinzeka abasebenzi belebhu ngendlela enembile kodwa ebucayi yemvelo, enikeza ukwesekwa okubalulekile kocwaningo olwengeziwe lwesayensi nakwezokwelapha.

• -KwezimboniAUkuxhumana

▶ ThePI-HalmiceticalInturry

(1)IsimoCentrol inDumataPokuxakayo: Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwezidakamizwa, amabhodlela e-scintillation asetshenziselwa ukuzimisela kwezingxenye zezidakamizwa kanye nokutholwa kwezinto eziwusizo zomsakazo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yezidakamizwa ihlangabezana nezidingo zamazinga. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlola umsebenzi, ukugxilisa ingqondo, kanye nobumsulwa be-isotopes ye-radioactive, kanye nokuqina izidakamizwa kungalondolozela ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukile.

(2)Ukuthuthukiswa kanyeSukhala lweNew Damangi: Kusetshenziswa amabhodlela e-scintillation kwinqubo yokuthuthuka kwezidakamizwa ukuhlola imetabolism, ukusebenza kahle, kanye ne-toxicology yezidakamizwa. Lokhu kusiza ekuhloleni izidakamizwa zokwenziwa ongaba khona okhethwayo futhi uthuthukise ukwakheka kwazo, ukusheshisa ijubane kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa okusha.

▶ EofanayoMociper

(1)-VulekilePukweqaMociper: Amabhodlela e-Scintillation asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuqapheni kwezemvelo, edlala indima ebalulekile ekulinganiseni ukugxila kanye nomsebenzi wokungcoliswa kwenhlabathi ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi, imvelo yamanzi, nomoya. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngokuhlola ukusatshalaliswa kwezinto ezinemininingwane emvelweni, ukungcoliswa kwenuzi eChengdu, ukuvikela impilo yomphakathi kanye nokuphepha kwempahla, kanye nempilo yezemvelo.

(2)-BuphakathiWansavuTkuvulwe futhiMociper: Embonini yamandla enuzi, amabhodlela we-scintillation nawo asetshenziselwa ukuqapha kanye nokulinganisa izinqubo zokwelashwa kwemfucuza yenuzi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukala umsebenzi wemfucuza we-radioactive, ukuqapha ukukhishwa kwemisebe ezikhungweni zokwelashwa imfucuza, njll., Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nokuhambisana nenqubo yokwelashwa imfucuza yenuzi yenuzi.

▶ Izibonelo zeAama-puplication inOtherFAma-Ields

(1)-SemqulojiRtha: Amaflashs we-Scintillation asetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni we-geology ukukala okuqukethwe kwama-isotopea anemisebe emadwaleni, emhlabathini nakwamaminerali, futhi afunde umlando womhlaba ngezilinganiso eziqondile. Izinqubo ze-geological kanye noGenesise wama-mineral deposits

(2) In le khasiFIeld yeFokayoInturry, amabhodlela e-scintillation ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukukala okuqukethwe kwezinto ezinemisebe kumasampula okudla akhiqizwa embonini yokudla, ukuze ahlole izindaba zokuphepha kanye nekhwalithi yokudla.

(3)ImisebeTimbango: Kusetshenziswa amabhodlela e-scintillation emkhakheni wezokwelapha imisebe yezokwelapha ukukala umthamo wemisebe ekhiqizwe imishini yokwelashwa kwemisebe, ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuphepha ngesikhathi senqubo yokwelashwa.

Ngokusebenzisa izicelo ezibanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nomuthi, ukuqapha imvelo, i-geology, amabhodlela we-scintillation awagcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngezindlela ezisebenza kahle zemvelo zezimboni, kodwa futhi nakwisiko lezenhlalo kanye nezenhlalo kanye nezemvelo ukuphepha.

Ⅳ. Umthelela wezemvelo kanye nokusimama

• UmkhiqizoSumthakela

▶ impahlaSukhethoCI-OnSiderningSUkuqamba

(1)Le khasiUseR-SebezableMama-aterialsEmkhiqizweni wamabhodlela we-scintillation, izinto ezivuselelekayo ezinjenge-biodegradable plastistics noma ama-polymers asetshenziswayo nazo zibhekwa ukunciphisa ukuncika kwezinsizakusebenza ezingenakuvuseleleka futhi zinciphise umthelela wazo emvelweni.

(2)IgunyaSukhetho lweLow-carbonPokukhohlisayoMama-aterials: Okubaluleke kakhulu kufanele kunikezwe izinto zokwakha ezinezindawo eziphansi zekhabhoni zokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza, njengokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokungcola kwamandla okukhipha amandla okunciphisa umthwalo emvelweni.

(3) Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha kweMama-aterials: Ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizweni kwamabhodlela we-scintillation, ukufundwa kabusha kwezinto zokwakha kubhekwa ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kabusha nokuphinda usebenzise kabusha, ngenkathi kunciphisa ukugeleza kwemfucuza kanye nemfucuza yezinsizakusebenza.

▶ Imvelo yemveloIimpAisansathi ngesikhathiPokuxakayoPukushushuluza phansi

(1)ImpiloCisidumbulaAisimo: Yenza ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wempilo ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwamabhodlela we-scintillation ukuhlola imithelela yemvelo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, kufaka phakathi ukulahleka kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi, njll., Ukuze kuncishiswe izici zethonya lezemvelo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.

(2) Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwezemvelo: Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwemvelo, njenge-ISO 14001 ejwayelekile (Isikhungo Sokulawulwa Kwezemvelo Sokulawulwa Kwezemvelo esihlinzeka ngohlaka lwezinhlangano ukuklama nokusebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo izinhlelo zabo zemvelo. Ngokuhambisana naleli Zingalo, Izinhlangano zingaqinisekisa ukuthi bayaqhubeka nokuthatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo zokunciphisa izinyathelo zezinyawo zomthelela wezemvelo), zisungule izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuphathwa kwemvelo, ukuqapha kanye nokulawula imithelela yemvelo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi Yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ihambisana nezidingo eziqinile zemithetho kanye namazinga wezemvelo.

(3) IceboCukulondolozwa kanyeEubuvilaneEfullIukuginyakaderkukhu: Ngokwenza kahle izinqubo zokukhiqiza nobuchwepheshe, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwezinto zokwakha kanye namandla, ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinsiza kanye nokunciphisa umthelela omubi emvelweni kanye nokukhishwa ngokweqile kwekhabhoni ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.

Enqubweni yokukhiqiza yamabhodlela e-scintillation, ngokubheka izici zokuthuthuka ezizinzile, ukwamukela izinto zokukhiqiza ezinobungane ezizungezile kanye nezindlela zokulawulwa kokukhiqiza, umthelela omubi emvelweni ungancishiswa ngokufanelekile, ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwezinsizakusebenza kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwemvelo.

• Sebenzisa isigaba

▶ WansavuMukuqubuka

(1)-Yikho ngqoD-okubanzi: Abasebenzisi kufanele balahle imfucuza kahle ngemuva kokusebenzisa amabhodlela e-scintillation, lahla amabhodlela e-scintillation alahlekile ezitsheni zemfucumfucu eqokiwe noma ukuxubana okubangelwa ukungcola okungaphenduki, okungaba nomthelela ongenakuphikwa emvelweni .

(2) Ukuhlela ngohlobo oluthileRecycling: Amabhodlela e-Scintillation ajwayele ukwenziwa ngezinto ezisetshenziswa kabusha, njengengilazi noma i-polyethylene. Amabhodlela e-Scintillation ashiywe nawo angahlukaniswa futhi asebenze kabusha ukuze aphinde asebenzise kabusha izinsiza.

(3) -YingoziWansavuTphendutha: Uma i-radioactive noma ezinye izinto eziyingozi zigcinwe noma zigcinwe kumabhodlela e-scintillation, amabhodlela e-scintillaard alahliwe kufanele aphathwe njengemfucumfucu eyingozi ngokuya ngemithethonqubo efanele kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho efanele.

▶ Ukuvuselelwa kabusha futhiRbuyekeza

(1)Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha futhiRukuphefumula: Amabhodlela e-Scintillation ama-Scintillation angasetshenziswa kabusha ngokuvuselela kabusha futhi aphindisele. Amabhodlela we-Scintillation asetshenziswe kabusha angacutshungulwa ngamafektri akhethekile wokuphinda asebenze kabusha kanye nezinsizakusebenza, futhi izinto zokwakha zingabuyiselwa kumabhodlela amasha we-scintillation noma eminye imikhiqizo yepulasitiki.

(2)Into uqobo lwayoRbuyekeza: Amabhodlela e-Scintillation asetshenziswe kabusha ahlanzekile ngokuphelele futhi awangcoliswanga ngezinto ezinemisebe zingasetshenziswa ukwenza amabhodlela amasha we-scintillation amasha, ngenkathi amabhodlela we-scintillation aqukethe amanye amazinga omsakazo kepha ahlangabezana nalomzimba womuntu futhi angasetshenziswa Njengezinto zokwenza ezinye izinto, ezinjenge-pen banikazi, iziqukathi zezingilazi zansuku zonke, njll., Ukufinyelela ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto ezibonakalayo nokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwezinsizakusebenza.

(3) Khangisa into ethileSI-UstainableCngundlela: Khuthaza abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhethe izindlela zokusebenzisa okuqhubekayo, njengokukhetha amabhodlela we-scintillable atholakalayo, ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki elahlekile ngangokunokwenzeka, ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza yepulasitiki elahlekile, ukukhuthaza umnotho oyindilinga kanye nentuthuko esimeme.

Ukuphatha kahle nokusebenzisa imfucumfucu yamabhodlela ama-scintillation, kukhuthaza ukusebenziseka kwabo kabusha futhi kusetshenziswe kabusha, kunganciphisa umthelela omubi emvelweni futhi kukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kanye nokuphinda usebenzise kabusha izinsiza.

Ⅴ. Ubuchwepheshe obusha

• Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo

▶ BI-IODEGRAWAGEMokuphambanazekayo

(1)OkusheshayoMama-aterials: Ephendula umthelela omubi wezemvelo okhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza lezinto zokwenziwa zebhodlela le-scintillation, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo njengezinto zokukhiqiza njengoba izinto zokukhiqiza zibe yinkambiso ebalulekile. Izinto ze-biodegraphable zingabola kancane kancane zibe yizinto ezingenangozi kubantu nasendaweni yemvelo ngemuva kokuphila kwenkonzo, ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.

(2)IzinseleleFaced ngesikhathiRI-ESEBHEPHA NEDukwabi kwemali: Izinto ze-biodegradable zingabhekana nezinselelo ngokuya ngezakhiwo zemishini, ukuqina kwamakhemikhali, nokulawulwa kwezindleko. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo ifomula kanye nezobuchwepheshe bokucubungula kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-bioderhradable futhi kunwebe impilo yensiza yemikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo ekhiqizwa izinto ze-bioderhree.

▶ INtelligentDiseva

(1)-BuqamaMongilandeli futhiSisensiII-NteGration: Ngosizo lobuchwepheshe be-sensor advanced, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-sensor ehlakaniphile kanye nokuqapha kude kwe-inthanethi kuhlanganiswe nokuqaphela ukuqapha isikhathi sangempela, ukuqoqwa kwedatha kanye nokufinyelela kwedatha okukude kwezimo zemvelo zemvelo. Le nhlanganisela ehlakaniphile ithuthukisa ngempumelelo izinga lokushintsha izivivinyo, kanye nezisebenzi zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe zingabheka inqubo yokuhlola kanye nemiphumela yedatha yesikhathi sangempela noma kuphi ngamadivayisi eselula, ukuguquguquka kwemisebenzi yokuhlola, kanye nokunemba yemiphumela yokuhlola.

(2)UmbhaloANalysis futhiFehlback: Ngokusekelwe kwidatha eqoqwe ngamadivayisi ahlakaniphile, athuthukise ama-algorithms ahlakaniphile ama-algorithms namamodeli, futhi enze ukucubungula kwangempela kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha. Ngokuhlaziya ngokuqwashisa imininingwane yokuhlola, abacwaningi bangathola okufika ngesikhathi imiphumela yokuhlola, benze izinguquko ezihambisanayo kanye nempendulo, futhi basheshise inqubekela phambili yocwaningo.

Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha kanye nenhlanganisela enomklamo ohlakaniphile, amabhodlela e-scintillation anemakethe yohlelo lokusebenza ebanzi nemisebenzi, ethuthukisa ngokuzenzakalela, ubuhlakani kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo komsebenzi welebhu.

• Ezishintshayo futhiDukubizelanazaza

▶ automatedS-khuluPukuxabana

(1)Ezenzakalelayo zeS-khuluPukuxabanaPukushushuluza phansi: Ehlelweni lokukhiqiza lamabhodlela we-scintillation kanye nokucutshungulwa kwamasampula, imishini ezenzakalelayo kanye nezinhlelo zethulwa, njengezilayisheli ezenzakalelayo, njll., Ukufeza okuzenzakalelayo kwenqubo yesampula yokucubungula. Lawa madivayisi azenzakalelayo angasusa imisebenzi eqinile yokulayishwa kwesampula ye-Manual, ukuchithwa, ukuxubela, kanye nokujabula, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezivivinyo kanye nokuvumelana kwedatha yokuhlola.

(2)-ZishintshayoSukucwilisaSystem: Ihlotshiswe ngohlelo oluzenzakalelayo lwesampula, ingafinyelela iqoqo elizenzakalelayo kanye nokucutshungulwa kwamasampula, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise amaphutha okusebenza ngesandla kanye nokwenza ngcono ijubane lokucubungula isampula nokunemba. Lolu hlelo lwesampula oluzenzakalelayo lungasetshenziswa kwizigaba ezahlukahlukene zezempula kanye nezimo zokuhlola, njengokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali, ucwaningo lwebhayoloji, njll.

▶ idatha yedathaMUkulahlwa futhiAuNalysis

(1)Idijithali yedatha yokuhlola: DigiTise Isitoreji kanye nokuphathwa kwemininingwane yokuhlola, bese usungula uhlelo lokuphathwa kwedatha oluhlanganisiwe. Ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokuphathwa kolwazi lwe-Laborath (ama-lims) noma isoftware yokulawulwa kwedatha yokuhlola, ukuqoshwa okuzenzakalelayo, ukuqopha okuzenzakalelayo, ukugcinwa, kanye nokubuyiselwa kwemali yedatha yokuhlola kungatholwa, kuthuthukiswe ukulandelwa kwedatha nokuphepha.

(2)Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi wokuhlaziywa kwedatha: Sebenzisa amathuluzi wokuhlaziywa kwedatha nama-algorithms njengokufunda komshini, ubuhlakani bokufakelwa, njll. Ukuqhuba izimayini ezijulile kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yokuhlola. Lawa mathuluzi wokuhlaziywa kwedatha angasiza ngempumelelo abacwaningi ukuthi bahlole futhi bathole ukuxhumeka nokuvama phakathi kwemininingwane ehlukahlukene, bakhiphe imininingwane ebalulekile efihlekile phakathi kwemininingwane, ukuze abacwaningi bangaphakamisa ukuqondana komunye nomunye futhi ekugcineni babhekane nemiphumela yokubumbana.

(3)Ukubona ngeso lengqondo imiphumela yokuhlola: Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubonwa kwedatha, imiphumela yokuhlola ingezwakala ngendlela yamashadi, izithombe, njll., Ngaleyo ndlela ukusiza abahloliyo baqonde ngokushesha futhi bahlaziye okushiwo yidatha yokuhlola. Lokhu kusiza abaphenyi besayensi ukuba baqonde kangcono imiphumela yokuhlola futhi benze izinqumo kanye nezinguquko ezihambisanayo.

Ngokusebenzisa isampula yesampula ezenzakalelayo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yedijithali kanye nokuhlaziywa, okusebenzayo, okuqondayo, kanye nomsebenzi welabhoratri osuselwa kulwazi kungatholakala, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokwethenjwa kokuhlolwa, nokuthuthukisa inqubekela phambili yocwaningo lwesayensi.

Ⅵ. Ezokuphepha Nezimiso

• -VulekileMokuphambanazekayoHnokunqabe

▶ KuphephileOubuhlangaGuide

(1)Ezemfundo Nokuqeqeshwa: Nikeza ngemfundo yokuphepha esebenzayo futhi edingekayo yawo wonke umsebenzi welabhoratri, kufaka phakathi amandla okusebenza okuphephile kokubekwa kwezinto zokwakha, izindlela zokuphendula eziphuthumayo uma kugcinwa kwezingozi zemishini yansuku zonke, njll. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi nabanye bayaqonda, bayajwayela, futhi banamathele ngokuphelele kwimihlahlandlela yokuxhumana yokuphepha kwelabhoratri.

(2)-Phathelene nomuntuP-xakeke kahleEukugwinqika: Ukuhlomisa imishini efanelekile yokuzivikela komuntu ebhularethri, njengezingubo zokuvikela izimpahla, amagilavu, ama-goggles, njll., Ukuvikela abasebenzi belebhu okulimazayo ekulimaleni okubangelwa yizinto zemisebe.

(3)-VumelayoO-landaPukufunga: Ukusungula izinqubo nezinqubo nezinqubo eziqinile nezinqubo eziqinile, kufaka phakathi ukuphathwa kwesampula, izindlela zokulinganisa, ukusebenza kwemishini, njll.

▶ imfucuzaD-okubanziRizitholelo

(1)Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokulebula: Ngokuhambisana nemithetho efanele yelebhu, imithethonqubo, kanye nezinqubo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile, izinto ezinemisebe yemfucumfucu zihlukaniswa futhi zibhalwe ukuthi zicacise izinga labo le-radioactivity kanye nezidingo zokucubungula, ukuze zinikeze ukuvikela ukuphepha kwempilo kwabasebenzi belebhu kanye nabanye.

(2)Ukulondolozwa kwesikhashana: Ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo zesampula yesampula ye-laboratoractiactiactive engase zikhiqize imfucuza, izinyathelo zokugcina zesikhashana nezisitoreji kufanele zithathwe ngokwezimpawu zabo kanye nezinga lengozi. Izindlela ezithile zokuvikela kufanele zithathwe amasampula welebhu ukuvikela ukuvuza kwezinto zokwakha umsakazo futhi aqinisekise ukuthi azibangeli ukulimala kwemvelo kanye nabasebenzi abaseduze.

(3)Ukulahlwa okuphephile kwemfucuza: Phatha ngokuphepha futhi uchithe izinto ezilahliwe zomsakazo ngokuya ngemithetho kanye namazinga afanele okulahla imfucuza. Lokhu kungafaka ukuthumela izinto ezilahliwe ezikhungweni zokwelashwa ezikhethekile noma izindawo zokulahla, noma ukuqhuba ukugcinwa okuphephile kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza ye-radioactive.

Ngokunamathela ngokuqinile kwizinkombandlela zokusebenza zokusebenza kwelebhu kanye nezindlela zokulahla imfucuza, izisebenzi zelebhu kanye nemvelo yemvelo zingavikeleka kakhulu ekungcoleni kwemisebe, kanye nokuphepha emsebenzini kwelebhu kungaqinisekiswa.

• Lindlu yokuncomaS-shuqisi

▶ efaneleRi-egances futhiLindlu yokuncomaSama-tanjana

(1)Imigomo yokulawulwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo yemisebe: Ama-laboratories kufanele ahambisane kahle nezindlela ezifanele zokulawulwa kwezinto ze-radio kanye nezifunda ezifanele, kufaka phakathi ngaphandle kwemithetho ekuthengeni, ukusetshenziswa, ukugcinwa kanye nokulahlwa kwamasampula omsakazo.

(2)Imithetho Yokulawulwa Kwezokuphepha Kwelebhu: Kususelwa endalweni nasekulinganisweni kwelebhu, yakha kanye nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuphepha nezinqubo zokusebenza ezihambisana nemithetho yokuphathwa kokuphepha kwezokuphepha kwezokuphepha kwezolabhothi nakwezokuphepha, ukuqinisekisa impilo yokuphepha neyomzimba yabasebenzi belebhu.

(3) OkuthakiweyoRiskMukuqubukaRizitholelo: Uma ilebhu ifaka ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi, imithethonqubo efanelekile yokuphatha amakhemikhali namazinga okusebenzisa kufanele kulandelwe ngokuqinile, kufaka phakathi izidingo zokuthengwa kwempahla, ukugcinwa, nokusetshenziswa kwezomthetho, kanye nezindlela zokusebenzisa ezemthetho.

▶ ubungoziAi-ssessment futhiMukuqubuka

(1)-NjaloRiskIi-nspection futhiRiskAisimoPukufunga: Ngaphambi kokwenza izivivinyo zobungozi, izingozi ezahlukahlukene ezingaba khona ekuqaleni kwezilingo, eziphakathi nendawo, ezihlobene nezingozi ezihlobene namasampula amakhemikhali ngokwazo, izinto zemvelo, ukunquma nokuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokunciphisa ubungozi. Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kobungozi kanye nokuhlola kwelebhu kufanele kwenziwe njalo ukukhomba nokuxazulula izinkinga nezinkinga ezingaba khona nezivezwayo, buyekeza izinqubo zokuphepha ezidingekayo kanye nokwenza izinqubo zokusebenza ezidingekayo ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi uthuthukise ukuphepha komsebenzi welebhu.

(2)IngoziMukuqubukaMubucwecwe: Kususelwa kwimiphumela yokuhlola ubungozi ejwayelekile, ukuthuthukisa, ukuthuthukisa, kanye nokusebenzisa izindlela ezihambisanayo zokulawulwa kobungozi, izindlela zomoya wokuhlinzekelwa kwezindawo zokuhlinzekelwa kwezindawo eziphuthumayo, amasu okuphendula abezimo eziphuthumayo, njll., Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuqina ngesikhathi inqubo yokuhlola.

Ngokunamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni efanele, imithethonqubo, kanye namazinga wokufinyelela elebhu yaselebhu, eqhuba ukuhlolwa okuphelele kobungozi kanye nokuphathwa kwelebhu kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi belebhu, singakuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuhambisana nomsebenzi welebhu ngangokunokwenzeka , vikela impilo yabasebenzi belebhu, futhi unciphise noma ugweme ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.

Ⅶ. Ukugcina

Ezindaweni zokucwaninga noma kwezinye izindawo ezidinga ukuvikelwa kwesampula okuqinile, amabhodlela e-scintillation yithuluzi elisemqoka, nokubaluleka kwawo kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwalo ku-AREzenzele ukuzimelaNT. Njengomunye we-namandlaIziqukathi zokulinganisa ama-isotopes we-radioactive, amabhodlela e-scintillation adlala indima ebalulekile ocwaningweni lwesayensi, embonini yezemithi, ukuqapha imvelo nakwezinye izinkambu. Kusuka emsakazweniUkulinganiswa kwe-Isotope ekuhlolweni kwezidakamizwa, ekulandelweni kwe-DNA namanye amacala okufaka isicelo,ukuguquguquka kwamabhodlela we-scintillation kubenza babe munye weAmathuluzi abalulekile elabhorethri.

Kodwa-ke, kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuqina nokuphepha kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwamabhodlela e-scintillation. Kusuka ekukhetheni kwezinto ezibonakalayo ukuklamaIzici, kanye nokucatshangelwa ekukhiqizweni, ekusetshenzisweni nasezinhlungwini zokulahla, kudingeka sinake izinto zokwenziwa zemvelo nezinqubo zokukhiqiza, kanye namazinga wokusebenza okuphephile kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza. Kuphela ngokuqinisekisa ukuqina nokuphepha singasebenzisa ngokugcwele indima ephumelelayo yamabhodlela we-scintillation, ngenkathi evikela imvelo futhi evikela impilo yabantu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhodlela e-scintillation kubhekana nezinselelo namathuba. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, singabona kusengaphambili ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha, ukusetshenziswa komklamo okhaliphile ezicini ezahlukahlukene, kanye nokuthandwa kwe-automation kanye nedijithali, okuzothuthukisa ukusebenza kwamabhodlela we-scintillation. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka futhi sibhekane nezinselelo ekusimama nasekufezeni, njengokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ze-biodegradable, ukuthuthukiswa, ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nokwenziwa kwemihlahlandlela yokusebenza kokuphepha. Kuphela ngokunqoba kanye nokuphendula ngenkani ezinseleleni esingakuthola ukuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwamabhodlela we-scintillation ocwaningweni lwesayensi kanye nezinhlelo zezimboni, futhi zenze iminikelo emikhulu yenqubekela phambili yomphakathi wesintu.