Lesi sihloko sizogxila ezitsheni ze-scintillation, ukuhlola izinto zokwakha nokuklama, ukusetshenziswa nokusetshenziswa, umthelela wemvelo nokusimama, ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuphepha, kanye nemithethonqubo yamabhodlela e-scintillation. Ngokuhlola lezi timu, sizothola ukuqonda okujulile ngokubaluleka kocwaningo lwesayensi nomsebenzi waselabhorethri, futhi sihlole izikhombisi-ndlela nezinselele zesikhathi esizayo zokuthuthukiswa.

Ⅰ. Ukukhetha Okubalulekile

• I-polyethyleneVS. Ingilazi: Izinzuzo kanye Nobubi Ukuqhathanisa

 ▶I-polyethylene

Inzuzo 

1. Ilula futhi ayiphukile kalula, ilungele ukuthuthwa nokuphatha.

2. Izindleko eziphansi, kulula ukukala ukukhiqizwa.

3. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwamakhemikhali, ngeke kusabele kumakhemikhali amaningi.

4. Ingasetshenziselwa amasampula ane-radioactivity ephansi.

Ububi

1. Izinto ze-polyethylene zingase zibangele ukuphazamiseka kwangemuva nama-isotopu athile anemisebe

2.Ukufiphala okuphezulu kwenza kube nzima ukuqapha ngokubukeka isampula.

▶ Ingilazi

         Inzuzo

1. Ukubonakala okuhle kakhulu kokubonwa kalula kwamasampula

2. Ihambisana kahle nama-isotopu amaningi anemisebe

3. Isebenza kahle kumasampuli ane-radioactivity ephezulu futhi ayiphazamisi imiphumela yokulinganisa.

Ububi

1. Ingilazi ithambile futhi idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela nokugcinwa.

2. Izindleko zezinto zengilazi ziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa futhi azifanele amabhizinisi amancane ukuba asebenzesusa ngesilinganiso esikhulu.

3. Izinto zengilazi zingancibilika noma zigqwale kumakhemikhali athile, okuholela ekungcoleni.

• OkungenzekaAizicelo zeOlaphoMizinto zokwakha

▶ IpulasitikiComposites

Ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo zama-polymers nezinye izinto eziqinisayo (njenge-fiberglass), inokubili ukuphatheka kanye nezinga elithile lokuqina nokungafihli.

▶ Izinto Ezingaboli

Kwamanye amasampuli alahlwayo noma izimo, izinto ezingabolikala zingabhekwa njengokunciphisa umthelela omubi endaweni ezungezile.

▶ I-PolymericMizinto zokwakha

Khetha izinto ezifanele ze-polymer njenge-polypropylene, i-polyester, njll. ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zokusetshenziswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezihlukene zokungangeni kwamakhemikhali kanye nezidingo zokumelana nokugqwala.

Kubalulekile ukuklama nokukhiqiza amabhodlela e-scintillation asebenza kahle kakhulu nokuthembeka kokuphepha ngokucubungula kahle izinzuzo nezinkinga zezinto ezahlukahlukene kanye nezidingo zezimo ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza, ukuze ukhethe izinto ezifanele zokupakishwa kwesampula kuma-laboratories noma kwezinye izimo. .

Ⅱ. Izici zokuklama

• Ukubeka uphawuPukusebenza kahle

(1)Amandla okusebenza kokuvala abalulekile ekunembeni kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa. Ibhodlela le-scintillation kufanele likwazi ukuvimbela ngempumelelo ukuvuza kwezinto ezikhipha imisebe noma ukungena kokungcola kwangaphandle kusampula ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela yokulinganisa enembile.

(2)Umthelela wokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ekusebenzeni kokuvala.Amabhodlela e-scintillation enziwe ngezinto ze-polyethylene avamise ukuba nokusebenza kahle kokuvala, kodwa kungase kube nokuphazamiseka kwangemuva kwamasampuli aphezulu emisebe. Ngokuphambene, amabhodlela e-scintillation enziwe ngezinto zengilazi anganikeza ukusebenza okungcono kokuvala kanye nokungabi namakhemikhali kwamakhemikhali, okuwenza afanelekele amasampula aphezulu emisebe.

(3)Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokufaka uphawu kanye nobuchwepheshe bokubeka uphawu. Ngaphezu kokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ubuchwepheshe bokubeka uphawu nakho kuyisici esibalulekile esithinta ukusebenza kokubeka uphawu. Izindlela zokuvala ezivamile zihlanganisa ukufaka ama-gaskets enjoloba ngaphakathi kwesivalo sebhodlela, ukusebenzisa izigqoko zokuvala zepulasitiki, njll. Indlela yokuvala efanele ingakhethwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokuhlola.

• IIumphumela weSize kanyeShape kweSi-cintillationBottles onPngobuhlangaAizicelo

(1)Ukukhethwa kosayizi kuhlobene nosayizi wesampula ebhodleleni le-scintillation.Usayizi noma umthamo webhodlela le-scintillation kufanele unqunywe ngokusekelwe kunani lesampula elizolinganiswa esivivinyweni. Ngokuhlolwa ngosayizi abancane besampula, ukukhetha ibhodlela lomthamo omncane we-scintillation kungonga izindleko ezingokoqobo nesampula, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuhlolwa.

(2)Umthelela womumo ekuxubeni nasekuhlakazweni.Umehluko ekubunjweni nangaphansi kwebhodlela le-scintillation ungaphinda uthinte imiphumela yokuxutshwa nokuqedwa phakathi kwamasampuli phakathi nenqubo yokuhlola. Isibonelo, ibhodlela eliphansi eliyindilinga lingase lifaneleke kakhulu ukuxuba ukusabela ku-oscillator, kuyilapho ibhodlela eliphansi eliyisicaba lifaneleka kakhulu ukuhlukaniswa kwemvula ku-centrifuge.

(3)Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinomumo okhethekile. Amanye amabhodlela anomumo okhethekile we-scintillation, njengemiklamo engezansi enemifantu noma ama-spirals, angakhuphula indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwesampula noketshezi lwe-scintillation futhi athuthukise ukuzwela kokulinganisa.

Ngokuklama ukusebenza kokuvala, usayizi, umumo, kanye nevolumu yebhodlela le-scintillation ngokunengqondo, izidingo zokuhlola zingahlangatshezwana nazo ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu, kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuthembeka kwemiphumela yokuhlola.

Ⅲ. Inhloso kanye Nesicelo

•  SisayensiRcinga

▶ I-RadioisotopeMi-easurement

(1)Ucwaningo lwemithi yenuzi: Amaflaski e-scintillation asetshenziswa kakhulu ukukala ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokumetabolism kwama-isotopes anemisebe entweni ephilayo, njengokusatshalaliswa nokumuncwa kwezidakamizwa ezibhalwe ngomsakazo. Izinqubo ze-Metabolism kanye ne-excretion. Lezi zilinganiso zibaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni kwezifo, ukutholwa kwezinqubo zokwelashwa, kanye nokwakhiwa kwemithi emisha.

(2)Ucwaningo lwamakhemikhali enuzi: Ezivivinyweni zamakhemikhali enuzi, amaflaski e-scintillation asetshenziselwa ukukala umsebenzi nokugxilwa kwama-isotopi anemisebe, ukuze kufundwe izici zamakhemikhali zezinto ezikhanyayo, i-nuclear reaction kinetics, kanye nezinqubo zokubola kwe-radioactive. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni izakhiwo nezinguquko zezinto zenuzi.

▶Dukuhlolwa kombhoxo

(1)IsidakamizwaMi-tabolismRcinga: Amaflaski e-scintillation asetshenziselwa ukuhlola i-metabolic kinetics kanye nokusebenzisana kwamaprotheni ezidakamizwa kwezingxube zezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kuyasiza

ukuhlola izinhlanganisela zezidakamizwa ezingase zibe khona, kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kwezidakamizwa, nokuhlola izici ze-pharmacokinetic zezidakamizwa.

(2)IsidakamizwaAumsebenziEukulinganisa: Amabhodlela e-Scintillation nawo asetshenziselwa ukuhlola umsebenzi webhayoloji kanye nempumelelo yezidakamizwa, isibonelo, ngokulinganisa ukuhambisana okubophayo phakathin Izidakamizwa ezine-radiolebele futhi ziqondise ama-molecule ukuze zihlole umsebenzi wokulwa nesimila noma wokulwa namagciwane wezidakamizwa.

▶ IsiceloCizinto ezifana ne-DNASequencing

(1)I-Radiolabeling Technology: Ocwaningweni lwe-molecular biology kanye ne-genomics, amabhodlela e-scintillation asetshenziselwa ukukala amasampula e-DNA noma e-RNA anelebulwe ngama-isotopi akhipha imisebe. Lobu buchwepheshe bokulebula ngemisebe busetshenziswa kakhulu ekulandeleni kwe-DNA, ukuxutshwa kwe-RNA, ukusebenzisana kwe-protein-nucleic acid, nokunye ukuhlola, okuhlinzeka ngamathuluzi abalulekile ocwaningo lomsebenzi wofuzo nokuxilongwa kwezifo.

(2)I-Nucleic Acid Hybridization Technology: Amabhodlela e-scintillation nawo asetshenziselwa ukukala amasignali emisebe ku-nucleic acid hybridization reactions. Ubuchwepheshe obuningi obuhlobene busetshenziselwa ukuthola ukulandelana okuthile kwe-DNA noma i-RNA, okuvumela i-genomics kanye nocwaningo oluhlobene ne-transcriptomics.

Ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwamabhodlela e-scintillation ocwaningweni lwesayensi, lo mkhiqizo uhlinzeka izisebenzi zaselabhorethri ngendlela enembile kodwa ebucayi yokulinganisa imisebe, enikeza ukusekelwa okubalulekile kolunye ucwaningo lwesayensi nolwezokwelapha.

• IzimboniAizicelo

▶ IPeyingoziIumkhakha

(1)IkhwalithiClawula ngaphakathiDumbhoxoPukwethulwa: Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwezidakamizwa, amabhodlela e-scintillation asetshenziselwa ukunqunywa kwezingxenye zezidakamizwa kanye nokutholwa kwezinto ezikhipha imisebe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhwalithi yezidakamizwa ihlangabezana nezidingo zamazinga. Lokhu kufaka ukuhlola umsebenzi, ukugxilisa ingqondo, nokuhlanzeka kwama-isotopi akhipha imisebe, kanye nokuzinza izidakamizwa ezingakugcina ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene.

(2)Intuthuko kanyeSukwakhiwa kweNew Damacansi: Amabhodlela e-Scintillation asetshenziswa enqubweni yokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa ukuze kuhlolwe i-metabolism, ukusebenza kahle, kanye ne-toxicology yezidakamizwa. Lokhu kusiza ekuhloleni izidakamizwa zokwenziwa zamakhandidethi ezingase zibe khona kanye nokwandisa ukwakheka kwazo, kusheshiswe isivinini nokusebenza kahle kokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa ezintsha.

▶ EezemveloMonitoring

(1)I-radioactivePukungcolaMonitoring: Amabhodlela e-Scintillation asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuqapheni imvelo, adlala indima ebalulekile ekulinganiseni ukugxila kanye nomsebenzi wokungcola okunemisebe ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi, imvelo yamanzi, nomoya. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni ukusatshalaliswa kwezinto ezikhipha imisebe emvelweni, ukungcola kwenuzi e-Chengdu, ukuvikela impilo yomphakathi nokuphepha kwempahla, kanye nempilo yemvelo.

(2)InuziWasteTukwelashwa kanyeMonitoring: Embonini yamandla enuzi, amabhodlela e-scintillation nawo asetshenziselwa ukuqapha kanye nokulinganisa izinqubo zokuhlanza imfucuza yenuzi. Lokhu kubandakanya ukukala umsebenzi wemfucuza ekhipha imisebe, ukuqapha ukukhishwa kwemisebe ephuma ezindaweni zokuhlanza imfucuza, njll., ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuhambisana nenqubo yokuhlanza imfucuza yenuzi.

▶ Izibonelo zeAizicelo kuOlaphoFimigodi

(1)GeologicalRcinga: Amaflaski e-scintillation asetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni we-geology ukukala okuqukethwe kwama-isotopes anemisebe emadwaleni, enhlabathini, nakumaminerali, kanye nokutadisha umlando woMhlaba ngezilinganiso ezinembile. Izinqubo ze-Geological kanye ne-genesis yamadiphozi amaminerali

(2) In iFindawo yeFoodIumkhakha, amabhodlela e-scintillation avame ukusetshenziselwa ukukala okuqukethwe kwezinto ezinomsakazo kumasampula okudla akhiqizwa embonini yokudla, ukuze kuhlolwe ukuphepha nezindaba zekhwalithi zokudla.

(3)ImisebeTukwelapha: Amabhodlela e-Scantillation asetshenziswa emkhakheni wokwelapha ngemisebe yezokwelapha ukukala umthamo wemisebe okhiqizwa imishini yokwelapha ngemisebe, ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuphepha phakathi nenqubo yokwelapha.

Ngokusetshenziswa okubanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nemithi, ukuqapha imvelo, i-geology, ukudla, njll., amabhodlela e-scintillation awanikezi kuphela izindlela ezisebenzayo zokulinganisa ngemisebe embonini, kodwa nasezinkundleni zenhlalo, ezemvelo, nezamasiko, ukuqinisekisa impilo yabantu kanye nenhlalo nemvelo. ukuphepha.

Ⅳ. Umthelela Wezemvelo Nokusimama

• UkukhiqizaSithegi

▶ IzintoSukhethoCukubukaSukusimama

(1)IUse kweRkungenzekaMizinto zokwakha: Ekukhiqizeni amabhodlela e-scintillation, izinto ezivuselelekayo ezifana namapulasitiki angaboli noma ama-polymer agaywa kabusha aphinde acatshangelwe njengokunciphisa ukuncika ezinsizeni ezinomkhawulo ezingavuseleleki futhi zinciphise umthelela wazo endaweni ezungezile.

(2)OkubalulekileSukhetho lweLow-carbonPolutingMizinto zokwakha: Okubalulekile kufanele kunikezwe izinto ezinezakhiwo zekhabhoni ephansi zokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza, njengokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kokungcola ukuze kwehliswe umthwalo endaweni ezungezile.

(3) Ukugaywa kabusha kweMizinto zokwakha: Ekwakheni nasekukhiqizweni kwamabhodlela e-scintillation, ukugaywa kabusha kwezinto kuthathwa njengokugqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kabusha nokugaywa kabusha, kuyilapho kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza kanye nokulahlwa kwensiza.

▶ EzemveloII-mpactAukuhlolwa ngesikhathiPukwethulwaPi-rocess

(1)ImpiloCycleAukuhlola: Yenza ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wempilo ngesikhathi kukhiqizwa amabhodlela e-scintillation ukuze kuhlolwe imithelela yemvelo phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, okuhlanganisa ukulahleka kwamandla, ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi, njll., ukuze kuncishiswe izici ezithinta imvelo phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza.

(2) Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwemvelo: Qalisa izinhlelo zokulawulwa kwemvelo, njengezinga le-ISO 14001 (izinga lesistimu yokulawulwa kwemvelo eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke elihlinzeka ngohlaka lwezinhlangano ukuthi zenze futhi zisebenzise izinhlelo zokulawulwa kwemvelo futhi ziqhubeke zithuthukisa ukusebenza kwazo kwezemvelo. Ngokunamathela ngokuqinile kuleli zinga, izinhlangano zingaqinisekisa ukuthi baqhubeke nokuthatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo zokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo), basungule izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuphatha imvelo, baqaphe futhi balawule imithelela yemvelo ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, futhi baqinisekise ukuthi yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ihambisana nezidingo eziqinile zemithetho yemvelo kanye izindinganiso.

(3) InsizaCukuqapha kanyeEukungezwaniEukusebenza kahleIukuthuthuka: Ngokuthuthukisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza nobuchwepheshe, ukwehlisa ukulahleka kwezinto ezingavuthiwe namandla, ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwemithombo namandla, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umthelela ongemuhle endaweni ezungezile kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni eyeqile phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza.

Enqubweni yokukhiqiza amabhodlela e-scintillation, ngokucabangela izici zentuthuko esimeme, ukwamukela izinto zokukhiqiza ezivumelana nemvelo kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula ukukhiqiza ezinengqondo, umthelela omubi endaweni ezungezile ungancishiswa ngokufanele, ukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwezinsiza kanye nentuthuko esimeme yemvelo.

• Sebenzisa Isigaba

▶ WasteMukuhlukunyezwa

(1)KufanelekileDukukhishwa: Abasebenzisi kufanele balahle imfucuza ngendlela efanele ngemva kokusebenzisa amabhodlela e-scintillation, balahle amabhodlela e-scintillation alahliwe ezitsheni ezikhethiwe zemfucuza noma imigqomo yokugaywa kabusha, futhi bagweme noma baqede ngisho nokungcola okubangelwa ukulahlwa ngokungakhethi noma ukuxutshwa nomunye udoti, okungaba nomthelela ongenakulungiseka endaweni ezungezile. .

(2) UkwahlukanisaRukuhamba ngebhayisikili: Amabhodlela e-scintillation ngokuvamile enziwa ngezinto ezigaywa kabusha, njengengilazi noma i-polyethylene. Amabhodlela e-scintillation alahliwe angaphinda ahlukaniswe futhi agaywe kabusha ukuze aphinde asetshenziswe ngempumelelo insiza.

(3) KuyingoziWasteTukwelashwa: Uma i-radioactive noma ezinye izinto eziyingozi zigcinwe noma zigcinwe emabhodleleni e-scintillation, amabhodlela e-scintillation alahliwe kufanele athathwe njengemfucuza eyingozi ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo efanele kanye neziqondiso zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuhambisana nemithetho efanele.

▶ Ukusebenziseka kabusha kanyeReuse

(1)Ukugaywa kabusha kanyeRi-eprocessing: Amabhodlela e-waste scintillation angasetshenziswa kabusha ngokugaywa kabusha nokucutshungulwa kabusha. Amabhodlela e-scintillation asetshenziswe kabusha angacutshungulwa amafekthri akhethekile agaywa kabusha nezinsiza, futhi izinto zokwakha zingenziwa kabusha zibe amabhodlela e-scintillation amasha noma eminye imikhiqizo yepulasitiki.

(2)OkubalulekileReuse: Amabhodlela e-scintillation agaywe kabusha ahlanzeke ngokuphelele futhi angangcoliswanga izinto ezikhipha imisebe angasetshenziswa ukuze kukhiqizwe amabhodlela amasha e-scintillation, kuyilapho amabhodlela e-scintillation ayekade equkethe ezinye izinto ezingcolisa imisebe kodwa ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka futhi angenabungozi emzimbeni womuntu nawo angasetshenziswa. njengezinto zokwenza ezinye izinto, njengezibambi zepeni, iziqukathi zengilazi zansuku zonke, njll., ukuze kuzuzwe ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto kanye nokusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwezinsiza.

(3) NyusaSesiphathekayoCukuqala: Khuthaza abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhethe izindlela zokusebenzisa okusimeme, njengokukhetha amabhodlela okushisa agaywa kabusha, ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki elahlwayo ngangokunokwenzeka, ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza yepulasitiki elahlwayo, ukukhuthaza umnotho oyindilinga kanye nentuthuko esimeme.

Ukuphatha nokusebenzisa ngokufanelekile ukumoshakala kwamabhodlela e-scintillation, ukukhuthaza ukugaywa kwawo kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha, kunganciphisa umthelela ongemuhle endaweni ezungezile futhi kukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza.

Ⅴ. Ukuqamba Okusha Kwezobuchwepheshe

• Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinto Ezintsha

▶ Bi-iodegradableMi-aterial

(1)EsimemeMizinto zokwakha: Ekuphenduleni imithelela emibi yemvelo ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwezinto zamabhodlela e-scintillation, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezibolayo ezibolayo njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa sekuphenduke inkambiso ebalulekile. Izinto ezibolayo ezibolayo zingabola kancane kancane zibe izinto ezingenabungozi kubantu nasemvelweni ngemva kokusebenza kwazo, okunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.

(2)IzinseleleFaced ngesikhathiRcinga futhiDukuthuthukiswa: Izinto ezibolayo eziphilayo zingase zibhekane nezinselele ngokwezakhiwo zemishini, ukuqina kwamakhemikhali, nokulawulwa kwezindleko. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ifomula kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula bezinto ezingavuthiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwezinto ezibolayo kanye nokwelula impilo yesevisi yemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izinto ezibolayo.

▶ IuhlakaniphileDesign

(1)Isilawuli kudeMonitoring kanyeSi-ensorIukuhlanganisa: ngosizo lobuchwepheshe bezinzwa ezithuthukisiwe, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa ezihlakaniphile kanye nokuqapha okukude I-inthanethi ihlanganiswa ukuze kuqashelwe ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela, ukuqoqwa kwedatha kanye nokufinyelela kwedatha okude kwesampula yezimo zemvelo. Le nhlanganisela ehlakaniphile ithuthukisa ngempumelelo izinga lokuhlola okuzenzakalelayo, futhi abasebenzi besayensi nezobuchwepheshe bangaphinda baqaphe inqubo yokuhlola kanye nemiphumela yedatha yesikhathi sangempela noma nini nanoma kuphi ngokusebenzisa amadivayisi eselula noma izinkundla zedivayisi yenethiwekhi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi, ukuguquguquka kwemisebenzi yokuhlola, nokunemba. yemiphumela yokuhlolwa.

(2)IdathaAukuhlaziywa kanyeFeedback: Ngokusekelwe kudatha eqoqwe amadivayisi ahlakaniphile, thuthukisa ama-algorithms okuhlaziya ahlakaniphile namamodeli, futhi wenze ukucubungula nokuhlaziya idatha ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokuhlaziya idatha yokuhlola ngobuhlakani, abacwaningi bangathola imiphumela yokuhlolwa ngesikhathi, benze izinguquko ezihambisanayo kanye nempendulo, futhi basheshise ukuqhubeka kocwaningo.

Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha kanye nokuhlanganiswa nomklamo okhaliphile, amabhodlela e-scintillation anemakethe ebanzi yezicelo nemisebenzi, eqhubekayo ekhuthaza ukuzenzekelayo, ubuhlakani, kanye nentuthuko esimeme yomsebenzi waselabhorethri.

• Automation kanyeDigitization

▶ OkuzenzakalelayoSngokwanelePukuzungeza

(1)Okuzenzakalelayo kweSngokwanelePukuzungezaPi-rocess: Enqubweni yokukhiqiza amabhodlela e-scintillation kanye nokucutshungulwa kwamasampula, izinto ezishintshayo kanye nezinhlelo ziyethulwa, njengezilayishi zesampula ezizenzakalelayo, izindawo zokusebenzela zokucubungula uketshezi, njll., ukuze kuzuzwe ukuzenzekelayo kwenqubo yokucubungula isampula. Lawa madivayisi azenzakalelayo angaqeda imisebenzi eyisicefe yokulayisha isampula mathupha, ukuhlakazwa, ukuxutshwa, nokuhlanjululwa, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuhlolwa kanye nokuvumelana kwedatha yokuhlola.

(2)OkuzenzakalelayoSukukhulisaSuhlelo: ifakwe uhlelo lwesampula oluzenzakalelayo, ingafinyelela ukuqoqwa okuzenzakalelayo nokucubungula amasampula, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise amaphutha okusebenza okwenziwa ngesandla futhi ithuthukise isivinini sokucubungula isampula nokunemba. Lolu hlelo lwamasampula oluzenzakalelayo lungasetshenziswa ezigabeni zesampula ezahlukahlukene kanye nezimo zokuhlola, njengokuhlaziya amakhemikhali, ucwaningo lwebhayoloji, njll.

▶ IdathaMukuguqulwa kanyeAukuhlaziywa

(1)Ukufakwa Kwedijithali Kwedatha Yokuhlola: Faka kudijithali ukugcinwa nokuphathwa kwedatha yokuhlola, futhi usungule isistimu yokuphatha idatha yedijithali ehlangene. Ngokusebenzisa Uhlelo Lokulawulwa Kolwazi Lwelebhu (i-LIMS) noma isofthiwe yokuhlola idatha, ukurekhodwa okuzenzakalelayo, ukugcinwa, kanye nokubuyiswa kwedatha yokuhlola kungafinyelelwa, ukuthuthukisa ukulandelelwa kwedatha nokuvikeleka.

(2)Ukusetshenziswa Kwamathuluzi Okuhlaziya Idatha: Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlaziya idatha nama-algorithms afana nokufunda komshini, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, njll. ukuze wenze ukumba okujulile nokuhlaziya idatha yokuhlola. Lawa mathuluzi okuhlaziya idatha angasiza ngempumelelo abacwaningi ukuthi bahlole futhi bathole ukuhlobana nokujwayela phakathi kwedatha ehlukahlukene, bakhiphe ulwazi olubalulekile olufihliwe phakathi kwedatha, ukuze abacwaningi bakwazi ukuphakamisa imininingwane komunye nomunye futhi ekugcineni bazuze imiphumela yokuhlanganisa ingqondo.

(3)Ukubonakala Kwemiphumela Yokuhlola: Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubona idatha, imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingasethulwa ngokunembile ngesimo samashadi, izithombe, njll., ngaleyo ndlela isize abahloli baqonde ngokushesha futhi bahlaziye incazelo namathrendi edatha yokuhlola. Lokhu kusiza abacwaningi besayensi ukuthi baqonde kangcono imiphumela yokuhlolwa futhi benze izinqumo ezihambisanayo nokulungiswa.

Ngokucutshungulwa kwesampula okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokuphathwa nokuhlaziya idatha yedijithali, umsebenzi waselabhorethri osebenza kahle, ohlakaniphile, nosekelwe olwazini ungafinyelelwa, kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi nokwethembeka kokuhlolwa, futhi kugqugquzelwe inqubekelaphambili kanye nokusungulwa kocwaningo lwesayensi.

Ⅵ. Ezokuphepha Nemithethonqubo

• I-radioactiveMi-aterialHfuthi

▶ IphephileOperationGuide

(1)Imfundo Nokuqeqeshwa: Ukuhlinzeka ngemfundo nokuqeqeshwa kokuphepha okuphumelelayo nekudingekile kuwo wonke umsebenzi waselabhorethri, okuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini nje ngezinqubo eziphephile zokusebenza zokubekwa kwezinto ezikhipha imisebe, izinyathelo zokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo uma kwenzeka kuba nezingozi, inhlangano yokuphepha kanye nokugcinwa kwemishini yaselabhorethri yansuku zonke, njll., ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi kanye nabanye bayayiqonda, bayazazi, futhi balandela ngokuqinile imihlahlandlela yokusebenza kokuphepha kwaselabhorethri.

(2)Okomuntu siquPevikelayoEquipment: Hlomisa izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele elabhorethri, njengezingubo zokuvikela elabhorethri, amagilavu, izibuko, njll., ukuvikela izisebenzi zaselabhorethri ekulimaleni okungaba khona okubangelwa izinto ezikhipha imisebe.

(3)IyahambisanaOperatingPizindlela: Sungula izinqubo nezinqubo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile neziqinile, okuhlanganisa ukuphathwa kwesampula, izindlela zokulinganisa, ukusebenza kwemishini, njll., ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokuthobelayo kanye nokuphathwa okuphephile kwezinto ezinezici zemisebe.

▶ ImfucuzaDukukhishwaRizimiso

(1)Ukuhlukanisa kanye nokulebula: Ngokuhambisana nemithetho efanele yaselabhorethri, imithethonqubo, kanye nezinqubo ezijwayelekile zokuhlola, imfucumfucu yezinto ezikhipha imisebe ihlukaniswa futhi ilebulwe ukuze kucaciswe izinga layo le-radioactivity kanye nezidingo zokucubungula, ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuvikelwa kokuphepha kwempilo kwabasebenzi baselabhorethri nabanye.

(2)Isitoreji Sesikhashana: Ngesampula lezinto ezikhipha imisebe yelabhorethri ezingase zikhiqize udoti, ukugcinwa kwesikhashana okufanele kanye nezinyathelo zokulondoloza kufanele kuthathwe ngokuya nezici zazo nezinga lengozi. Kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo eziqondile zokuvikela amasampula elabhorethri ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza kwezinto ezikhipha imisebe futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azilimazi imvelo ezungezile kanye nabasebenzi.

(3)Ukulahlwa Kwemfucuza Okuphephile: Bamba ngokuphephile futhi ulahle izinto ezikhipha imisebe ezilahliwe ngokuhambisana nemithetho nezindinganiso zokulahlwa kwemfucuza elabhorethri. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuthumela izinto ezilahliwe ezindaweni ezikhethekile zokuhlanza imfucuza noma ezindaweni ezizolahlwa, noma ukugcinwa okuphephile nokulahlwa kwemfucuza ekhipha imisebe.

Ngokunamathela ngokuqinile eziqondisweni zokusebenza zokuphepha zaselabhorethri nezindlela zokulahla imfucuza, abasebenzi baselabhorethri kanye nemvelo yemvelo bangavikeleka kakhulu ekungcolisweni kwemisebe, futhi ukuphepha nokuhambisana nomsebenzi waselabhorethri kungaqinisekiswa.

• Li-laboratorySafety

▶ KuyafanelekaRizimiso kanyeLi-laboratorySizindinganiso

(1)Imithetho Yokulawulwa Kwezinto Ezikhipha Imisebe: Amalabhorethri kufanele athobelane ngokuqinile nezindlela namazinga okuphatha impahla ekhipha imisebe eyingozi kazwelonke neyesifunda, okuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini nje ngemithetho yokuthengwa, ukusetshenziswa, ukugcinwa, kanye nokulahlwa kwamasampula emisebe.

(2)Imithetho Yokulawulwa Kokuphepha Kwaselabhorethri: Ngokusekelwe kuhlobo nesikali selabhorethri, sungula futhi usebenzise izinhlelo zokuphepha nezinqubo zokusebenza ezithobela imithetho yokulawulwa kokuphepha kwelebhu yesifunda, ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha nempilo yomzimba yabasebenzi baselabhorethri.

(3) AmakhemikhaliRiskMukuhlukunyezwaRizimiso: Uma ilabhorethri ibandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi, imithetho efanele yokulawulwa kwamakhemikhali kanye nezindinganiso zokusetshenziswa kufanele kulandelwe ngokuqinile, okuhlanganisa nezimfuneko zokuthengwa, ukugcinwa, ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo nokusemthethweni, kanye nezindlela zokulahla amakhemikhali.

▶ IngoziAukuhlolwa kanyeMukuhlukunyezwa

(1)OkuvamileRiskIukuhlola kanyeRiskAukuhlolaPizindlela: Ngaphambi kokwenza ukuhlolwa kwengozi, izingozi ezihlukahlukene ezingase zibe khona ezigabeni zokuqala, ezimaphakathi, nezakamuva zokuhlolwa kufanele zihlolwe, okuhlanganisa ubungozi obuhlobene namasampula amakhemikhali ngokwawo, izinto ezikhipha imisebe, izingozi zebhayoloji, njll., ukuze kunqunywe futhi kuthathwe izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokunciphisa izingozi. Ukuhlolwa kobungozi kanye nokuhlolwa kokuphepha kwelabhorethri kufanele kwenziwe njalo ukuze kuhlonzwe futhi kuxazululwe izingozi nezinkinga zokuphepha ezingaba khona nezidaluliwe, kuthuthukiswe izinqubo zokulawula ukuphepha ezidingekayo kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza zokuhlola ngesikhathi, kanye nokuthuthukisa izinga lokuphepha lomsebenzi waselabhorethri.

(2)IngoziMukuhlukunyezwaMama-asures: Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni evamile yokuhlola ubungozi, thuthukisa, thuthukisa, futhi usebenzise izinyathelo zokulawula ubungozi ezihambisanayo, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuzivikela, izinyathelo zokungenisa umoya zaselabhorethri, izinyathelo zokulawula izimo eziphuthumayo zaselabhorethri, izinhlelo zokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo, njll., ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuzinza ngesikhathi. inqubo yokuhlola.

Ngokunamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni efanele, imithethonqubo, kanye namazinga okufinyelela elabhorethri, ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kobungozi kanye nokuphathwa kwelabhorethri, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngemfundo nokuqeqeshwa kokuphepha kubasebenzi baselabhorethri, singaqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuhambisana komsebenzi waselabhorethri ngangokunokwenzeka. , ivikele impilo yezisebenzi zaselabhorethri, futhi inciphise noma igweme ngisho nokungcoliswa kwemvelo.

Ⅶ. Isiphetho

Kulabhorethri noma kwezinye izindawo ezidinga ukuvikelwa kwesampula okuqinile, amabhodlela e-scintillation ayithuluzi elibalulekile, nokubaluleka kwawo kanye nokwehlukahlukana ekuhlolweni ar.ngizibonakalisent. Njengenye yemainiziqukathi zokulinganisa ama-isotopes anemisebe, amabhodlela e-scintillation adlala indima ebalulekile ocwaningweni lwesayensi, embonini yezemithi, ekuqaphelweni kwemvelo nakweminye imikhakha. Kusuka ku-radioactiveIsilinganiso se-isotope ekuhlolweni kwezidakamizwa, ukulandelana kwe-DNA namanye amacala ohlelo,ukuguquguquka kwamabhodlela e-scintillation kuwenza abe enye yeamathuluzi abalulekile elabhorethri.

Kodwa-ke, kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusimama nokuphepha kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwamabhodlela e-scintillation. Ukusuka ekukhethweni kwezinto kuya ekuklanyweniizici, kanye nokucatshangelwa ekukhiqizeni, ekusetshenzisweni, nasezinqubweni zokulahla, sidinga ukunaka izinto ezithinta imvelo nezinqubo zokukhiqiza, kanye namazinga okusebenza okuphephile nokuphathwa kwemfucuza. Kuphela ngokuqinisekisa ukusimama nokuphepha lapho singasebenzisa ngokugcwele indima ephumelelayo yamabhodlela okushisa, kuyilapho sivikela imvelo futhi sivikela impilo yabantu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhodlela e-scintillation kubhekana nezinselele kanye namathuba. Ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, singabona kusengaphambili ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha, ukusetshenziswa komklamo ohlakaniphile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, kanye nokuthandwa kwe-automation kanye ne-digitization, okuzokwenza ngcono ukusebenza nokusebenza kwamabhodlela e-scintillation. Kodwa-ke, sidinga futhi ukubhekana nezinselele ekusimameni nasekuphepheni, njengokwakhiwa kwezinto ezibolayo, ukuthuthukiswa, ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemihlahlandlela yokusebenza kokuphepha. Kuphela ngokunqoba nokusabela ngenkuthalo ezinseleleni singakwazi ukuzuza ukuthuthukiswa okusimeme kwamabhodlela e-scintillation ocwaningweni lwesayensi kanye nezicelo zezimboni, futhi senze iminikelo emikhulu ekuqhubekeleni phambili komphakathi wesintu.